This commit is contained in:
Keith Irwin 2023-03-04 12:06:37 -07:00
parent 6eff52ede3
commit 9176da7c05
Signed by: ki9
GPG Key ID: DF773B3F4A88DA86
361 changed files with 10435 additions and 238 deletions

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@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
# Dev
SITE_PORT="8080"
SITE_DOMAIN="http://localhost:8080"
API_PORT="8081"
API_DOMAIN="http://localhost:8081"
STRIPE_SEC="sk_test_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
STRIPE_PUB="pk_test_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
# Production
#SITE_PORT="8080"
#SITE_DOMAIN="https://www.example.com"
#API_PORT="8081"
#API_DOMAIN="https://api.example.com"
#STRIPE_PUB="pk_live_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
#STRIPE_SEC="sk_live_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"

10
.gitignore vendored
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**/node_modules/
**/package-lock.json
# environment
# environment and data
.env
docker-compose.yml
data/
_src/_data/
hooks/
orders/
# frontend build
site/_site/
@ -14,7 +16,3 @@ site/_site/
**/*.bak
# vim swaps
**/*.swp
# https://www.11ty.dev/docs/plugins/serverless/
site/functions/serverless/**
!site/functions/serverless/index.js

17
Dockerfile Normal file
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FROM node:14
ENV API_PORT 8081
ENV SITE_PORT 8080
EXPOSE ${API_PORT} ${SITE_PORT}
# Create app directory
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/
# Install app dependencies
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production
# Build site
RUN npm run build
# Run api
ENTRYPOINT [ "npm", "run", "--"]

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_site/403.html Normal file
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>San Luis Valley IT</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#3d3d83">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#111111">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="topbar">
<aside>
<a href="https://speedtest.slvit.us/">Speedtest</a> | <a href="https://searx.slvit.us/">Web search</a>
</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main><h1>⛔ Permission denied</h1>
<p>You are not allowed here. Go <a href="/">home</a>.</p>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/403.html
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/403.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
-->
</body>
</html>

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_site/404.html Normal file
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>San Luis Valley IT</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#3d3d83">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#111111">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="topbar">
<aside>
<a href="https://speedtest.slvit.us/">Speedtest</a> | <a href="https://searx.slvit.us/">Web search</a>
</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main><h1>✖️ Content not found</h1>
<p>Go <a href="/">home</a>.</p>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/404.html
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/404.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
-->
</body>
</html>

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_site/50x.html Normal file
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>San Luis Valley IT</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#3d3d83">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#111111">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="topbar">
<aside>
<a href="https://speedtest.slvit.us/">Speedtest</a> | <a href="https://searx.slvit.us/">Web search</a>
</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main><h1>✖️ Server Error</h1>
<p>Something went wrong on our end. Hopefully this will be fixed momentarily...</p>
<p>If you are seeing this error for a long time, or on only one page, please <a href="hostmaster@slvit.us">email the hostmaster</a>.</p>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/50x.html
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/50x.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
-->
</body>
</html>

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"price": {"usd":445},
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_site/contact/index.html Normal file
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Contact</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#3d3d83">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#111111">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="topbar">
<aside>
<a href="https://speedtest.slvit.us/">Speedtest</a> | <a href="https://searx.slvit.us/">Web search</a>
</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Contact</span></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main><h1>✍️ Contact</h1>
<hr>
<h2>☎️ Phone</h2>
<p>Call us at <a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a>. Our office hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">Department</th>
<th style="text-align:left">Ext.</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Sales</td>
<td style="text-align:left">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Service</td>
<td style="text-align:left">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Accounting</td>
<td style="text-align:left">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Information</td>
<td style="text-align:left">7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Operator</td>
<td style="text-align:left">0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr>
<h2>📧 Email</h2>
<p>You can use this form to send us a message, or email <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>.</p>
<p><noscript><p>Uh-oh, you don't have javascript. This form won't work without it. Please send an email to <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a> instead.</p></noscript></p>
<p><input
type="text"
data-bind="textInput:name"
placeholder="Your name">
</p>
<p><input
type="email"
data-bind="textInput:email"
placeholder="Your email">
</p>
<p><input
type="text"
data-bind="textInput:subj"
placeholder="Subject">
</p>
<p><textarea
data-bind="textInput:body"
placeholder="Your message">
</textarea></p>
<p><button id="send-button" data-bind="click:sendMsg, disable:isSending, text:sendBtnText">📨 Send</button></p>
<p><div class="h-captcha"
data-sitekey="303a50d1-e6b9-4d66-9788-081a1060dc08"
data-size="invisible"
data-theme="dark">
</div></p>
<p>This form is protected by <a href="https://www.hcaptcha.com/">hCaptcha</a> so their <a href="https://hcaptcha.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://hcaptcha.com/terms">Terms of Service</a> apply.</p>
<script src="https://js.hcaptcha.com/1/api.js" async></script>
<script src="/assets/scripts/knockout-3.5.1.min.js" integrity="sha512-2AL/VEauKkZqQU9BHgnv48OhXcJPx9vdzxN1JrKDVc4FPU/MEE/BZ6d9l0mP7VmvLsjtYwqiYQpDskK9dG8KBA==" async></script>
<script src="/assets/scripts/contact-form.js" integrity="sha512-USdJjNf5Va8fIYW6KBqkBaUlnKaaPU12OUEe41d90ApB8GYlJDs1gEPBHGYFJCLNUgdmdP/0bHO9eGybm+Z/2w==" defer></script>
<hr>
<h2>🗺️ Distance</h2>
<p>Use this chart to determine how far you are from SLVIT.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">City</th>
<th style="text-align:right">Miles</th>
<th style="text-align:right">Time</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Abiquiu</td>
<td style="text-align:right">97</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h34m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Alamosa</td>
<td style="text-align:right">34</td>
<td style="text-align:right">37m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Albuquerque</td>
<td style="text-align:right">178</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2h54m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Angelfire</td>
<td style="text-align:right">90</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2h10m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Cañon City</td>
<td style="text-align:right">173</td>
<td style="text-align:right">3h 9m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Chama, NM</td>
<td style="text-align:right">42</td>
<td style="text-align:right">49m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Creede</td>
<td style="text-align:right">100</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h49m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Crestone</td>
<td style="text-align:right">84</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h28m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Colo. Springs</td>
<td style="text-align:right">199</td>
<td style="text-align:right">3h10m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Del Norte</td>
<td style="text-align:right">63</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h 8m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Denver</td>
<td style="text-align:right">253</td>
<td style="text-align:right">4h23m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Durango</td>
<td style="text-align:right">151</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2h56m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Española</td>
<td style="text-align:right">90</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h29m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Ft. Garland</td>
<td style="text-align:right">60</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h 2m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Gunnison</td>
<td style="text-align:right">154</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2h42m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">La Jara</td>
<td style="text-align:right">20</td>
<td style="text-align:right">21m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Moffat</td>
<td style="text-align:right">72</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h13m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Monte Vista</td>
<td style="text-align:right">49</td>
<td style="text-align:right">54m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Pagosa Springs</td>
<td style="text-align:right">91</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h42m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Pueblo</td>
<td style="text-align:right">157</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2h31m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Questa</td>
<td style="text-align:right">74</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h14m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Raton</td>
<td style="text-align:right">164</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2h41m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Red River</td>
<td style="text-align:right">86</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h32m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Salida</td>
<td style="text-align:right">116</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h59m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">San Luis</td>
<td style="text-align:right">44</td>
<td style="text-align:right">47m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Santa Fe</td>
<td style="text-align:right">115</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2h 1m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">South Fork</td>
<td style="text-align:right">78</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h24m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Taos</td>
<td style="text-align:right">66</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h12m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Tres Piedras</td>
<td style="text-align:right">36</td>
<td style="text-align:right">36m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Trinidad</td>
<td style="text-align:right">144</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2h23m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Tierra Amarilla</td>
<td style="text-align:right">57</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h 7m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Walsenburg</td>
<td style="text-align:right">107</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1h48m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Westcliffe</td>
<td style="text-align:right">162</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2h55m</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
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<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title>San Luis Valley IT</title>
<subtitle></subtitle>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/" rel="self"/>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/"/>
<updated>2022-10-03T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id></id>
<author>
<name>Keith Irwin</name>
<email>ki9@slvit.us</email>
</author>
<entry>
<title>What&#39;s the best antivirus software?</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2022/10/03/whats-the-best-antivirus/"/>
<updated>2022-10-03T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2022/10/03/whats-the-best-antivirus/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;The question in the title of this post is very common, but finding an answer is surprisingly difficult. That&#39;s because if you search for an answer online, all the results will be blog posts by the usual suspects: Norton, Avast, Kaspersky, etc. They will all say that you absolutely need antivirus, and theirs is the best. This marketing is effective because it uses &lt;em&gt;fear&lt;/em&gt; as a motivator. They will tell you that without their program, you will get hacked and have your identity stolen. This deception is highly profitable for these companies, who bill customers on a subscription model and provide little to no protection in return.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;What is malware?&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people use the terms &amp;quot;virus&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;malware&amp;quot; interchangeable. In fact, viruses are a specific category of malware. Because colloquial convention treats the terms as synonyms, this article will too. That said, &lt;strong&gt;malware&lt;/strong&gt; is any software that does a bad thing, or a thing the user doesn&#39;t want it to do. There are many types of malware. Here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyware&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spyware&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; tracks your activity and sends it to the malware creator. This could be targeted stalking, but more often it collects user data en masse so it can be sold to third-parties.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adware&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adware&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; injects ads on your computer. When you see the ads, the malware-maker gets paid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scareware&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scareware&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; scares users into buying software they don&#39;t need.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cryptominers&lt;/strong&gt; use a computer&#39;s CPU to generate cryptocurrency. This extra load on your CPU dramatically slows down your computer. The malware-maker collects the cryptocurrency and sells it for a profit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Antivirus doesn&#39;t protect you against viruses&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This runs contrary to anti-virus companies&#39; marketing, which would lead you to believe that their software is a silver bullet against viruses. &amp;quot;I can&#39;t get a virus because I have anti-virus,&amp;quot; I often hear people say. They couldn&#39;t be further from the truth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The fact is, antivirus software has a very limited reach in cleaning your computer. There are a whole slew of techniques that virus-makers employ to evade detection. The author intended to list a few examples here, but found that there were &lt;em&gt;a lot&lt;/em&gt; and most of them beyond comprehension of the layperson. Therefore, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=antivirus+evasion&quot;&gt;searching online for &amp;quot;antivirus evasion&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; shall be left as an exercise for the reader.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is essentially an arms race between antivirus companies and virus creators. The antivirus companies find a new way to detect viruses and the virus makers develop new techniques to evade detection. The unfortunate reality is that the hackers are winning, and always have been. That is to say, even a half-sophisticated virus will evade detection, and only the most pathetic novice-built malware will be deleted in an antivirus scan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Antivirus software can harm your computer&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may think that if your antivirus software has even a slim chance of detecting and eliminating a virus, that&#39;s better than nothing. Unfortunately, there are countless examples of anti-malware being wholly detrimental to your computer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kaspersky&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;s ties to the Russian FSB led to its being &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspersky_bans_and_allegations_of_Russian_government_ties&quot;&gt;banned by the US Department of Homeland Security&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avast&lt;/strong&gt; was revealed to be &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avast#Collection_and_sale_of_user_data&quot;&gt;collecting and selling user data&lt;/a&gt; in a 2020 investigation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Norton&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Avira&lt;/strong&gt; actually &lt;a href=&quot;https://krebsonsecurity.com/2022/01/500m-avira-antivirus-users-introduced-to-cryptomining/&quot;&gt;bundle cryptominers&lt;/a&gt; with their product.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Based on the previous description of different types of malware, an astute reader may realize that even the most trusted, big-name antivirus software, &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; actually malware in sheep&#39;s clothing. These are just examples of antivirus malware that is known to the public. As a user, it&#39;s impossible to tell if your antivirus is acting nefariously or not.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The programs listed above are all well-known and trusted examples antivirus software. If we consider the lesser-known software, the situation is even bleaker. There are endless &lt;em&gt;fake&lt;/em&gt; antivirus programs that don&#39;t contain any antivirus at all, and instead infect your computer with actual viruses. They are so common that it&#39;s impossible to list them all, but probably the best-known example is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpySheriff&quot;&gt;SpySheriff&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;How can I &lt;em&gt;actually&lt;/em&gt; protect my PC against viruses&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The author is not the sort to present problems without offering solutions! It may sound obtuse to declare it, but the best way to protect your computer from viruses is to avoid infection in the first place. In fact, considering the ever-evolving evasion techniques mentioned above, this is the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; way to protect your PC.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To prevent infection, one must consider how infections happen in the first place. There are two main vectors of attack:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hackers discover software vulnerabilities and exploit them to infect a machine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hackers trick the user into installing software that contains a virus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Let us consider each of these vectors individually.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Software vulnerabilities&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When vulnerabilities are discovered by software-makers, they fix (or &amp;quot;patch&amp;quot;) the problem and distribute the patch through software updates. There is always the chance that a hacker discovers a vulnerability before anyone else, and may exploit it at will until it is fixed. These vulnerabilities are called &lt;strong&gt;zero-day vulnerabilities&lt;/strong&gt; or simply &lt;strong&gt;zero-days&lt;/strong&gt; because zero days have passed since the vuln&#39;s discovery.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This sounds grim, but the good news is that most vulnerabilities are discovered and patched by the &amp;quot;good guys&amp;quot; before they can be exploited by hackers. As a user, all you have to do to protect yourself from software bugs is to regularly install software updates. This sounds obvious, but the number of major hacks involving already-fixed vulnerabilities is astounding.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, the one of the largest cyberattacks in history was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack&quot;&gt;2017 WannaCry Ransomware attack&lt;/a&gt;. This hack infected more than 200,000 computers in a few hours before it was stopped (and many more &lt;em&gt;would&lt;/em&gt; have been infected otherwise). How many of these computers had their software updates installed? None, of course, because the hack relied on a vulnerability that had been fixed two months prior. That is, all you had to do to protect your computer from this hack was to dutifully install your software updates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Getting the user to install the virus&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Well, I would never install a virus!&amp;quot; you might say. Of course, you would never &lt;em&gt;knowingly&lt;/em&gt; install a virus. However, anytime you install an untrusted program, it could contain a virus.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Let&#39;s say you have some task to perform on your PC, such as cropping a photo or combining two PDFs into one. If your computer doesn&#39;t already have a program to do so, you need to install one. So maybe you go online and search for &amp;quot;crop a photo&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;combine PDFs&amp;quot;. The search results will have numerous legitimate-looking websites offering a free or paid download of a program that performs the needed task. You download one and find that it works in the way you expect it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Yet, behind the scenes, the same program may &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; be mining cryptocurrency or collecting your data. So how can you tell that the program you installed is benign? If the program&#39;s code is proprietary, there&#39;s simply no way to tell. On the other hand, if the software&#39;s code is publicly available, you can simply look under the hood and read the code and &lt;em&gt;know&lt;/em&gt; what that program does. This type of software is called &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;open-source&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; because the source code is public. This is opposed to &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;closed-source&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; programs, which have private code and can&#39;t be independently audited.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Open-source software to the rescue!&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, there are three ways you, as a user, can protect your machine against malware:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get rid of your anti-virus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Regularly install software updates&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Only use open-source software&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Windows and MacOS are closed-source operating systems, and most of the software available for them is closed-source too. &lt;strong&gt;Linux&lt;/strong&gt; is a free, open-source operating system and has a plethora of free, open-source programs that a user can install guilt-free from the app store. Linux is also faster and less buggy than its proprietary alternatives. So what are you waiting for? SLVIT has many affordable Linux computers for sale, or we can install Linux on your existing computer. That way you can sleep easy knowing your computer isn&#39;t doing anything you don&#39;t want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Attack surface reduction for the layperson</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/11/12/attack-surface-reduction-for-the-layperson/"/>
<updated>2021-11-12T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/11/12/attack-surface-reduction-for-the-layperson/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;It is well-known in the security industry that cyberattacks happen in multiple stages. The first stages are reconnaissance and scanning: searching for a viable target and probing the target for vulnerabilities. These vulns could be known (but not yet implemented), or they could be new vulns called 0-day exploits. Whether the exploit is known or not, attackers must first find exploitable machines.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Reconnaissance often starts with a port scan of a potential target. A typical port scan might look like this:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Nmap scan report for slvit.us (170.249.216.138)
Host is up (0.052s latency).
Other addresses for slvit.us (not scanned): 2600:4c00:200:254::138
rDNS record for 170.249.216.138: atl.slvit.us
Not shown: 996 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
PORT STATE SERVICE
25/tcp open smtp
53/tcp open domain
80/tcp open http
443/tcp open https
587/tcp open submission
993/tcp open imaps
995/tcp open pop3s
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 5.08 seconds
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This shows a list of open ports, and the services that are likely to be listening on them. &lt;strong&gt;Ports&lt;/strong&gt; are internet communication channels used to direct traffic to the correct program on the server. &lt;code&gt;80&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;443&lt;/code&gt; are for our website server. &lt;code&gt;53&lt;/code&gt; serves our domain name. All of the other ports go to our mailserver. You might recognize some of these numbers if you&#39;ve ever set up a mail client like Thunderbird. SMTP (&lt;code&gt;25&lt;/code&gt;) is used to receive mail from the outside world. IMAPS and POP3 are used to retrieve incoming mail from the server to your mail client. Finally, &lt;code&gt;587&lt;/code&gt; sends our outgoing mail to the world.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Each of these open ports is a gateway from the public internet into a program running on the server. For example, the IMAP port 993 connects to our mailserver agent, dovecot. You can send your login info to that port and it will send back your emails. But maybe hackers figure out how to send code to dovecot through port 993? Maybe the code causes dovecot to spill out its emails without the correct login information.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When vulns in the dovecot program are discovered, they are fixed by its developers and the fixes are installed during system updates. But what if our dovecot unknowingly fell out of date? And what if hackers discover the vuln first and exploit it as a 0-day? Clearly, no internet-facing services are safe!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What we can do, however, is limit the number of open ports that hackers can scan for vulns. This can be done by reconfiguring the machine&#39;s firewall. Here is a scan on the same server with most of the mailserver ports blocked:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Nmap scan report for slvit.us (170.249.216.138)
Host is up (0.052s latency).
Other addresses for slvit.us (not scanned): 2600:4c00:200:254::138
rDNS record for 170.249.216.138: atl.slvit.us
Not shown: 996 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
PORT STATE SERVICE
25/tcp open smtp
53/tcp open domain
80/tcp open http
443/tcp open https
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 5.08 seconds
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The only mailserver port still open is 25, used to receive mail from the internet. The ports to retrieve mail and send mail are now closed. The effect is twofold: the hacker cannot know that a service is running on the other ports &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; the hacker cannot send exploit code to those services (if the services&#39; existence was suspected). So the service has effectively disappeared to the outside world.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is great so long as you don&#39;t need to check your email from the outside world. Blocking those ports means they&#39;re blocked for you too. So the firewall must be configured such that access is limited and not blocked off. It&#39;s easy to do this for computers on a local network: for example, access can be granted exclusively to IP addresses of the computers in the office. This is effective but doesn&#39;t work for, for example, mobile phones, which rotate IP addresses as they move around.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The best way to block public access to services while still granting it to specific devices is with a Virtual Private Network (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.slvit.us/services/hardware/vpn&quot;&gt;VPN&lt;/a&gt;). This acts as a virtual LAN, making devices around the world appear to be in the same office. Then the firewall can easily limit access to sensitive services to devices on the VPN. As an added bonus, the VPN will E2E encrypt all data between the service and user, providing added protection against tracking and man-in-the-middle attacks.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>What is open source and who cares?</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/10/01/what-is-open-source/"/>
<updated>2021-10-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/10/01/what-is-open-source/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Most applications on your phone and computer are executable files (aka binary files). They were written in code by software developers, but once that code has been converted into an executable, it can&#39;t be converted back into code. Most software is installed like this, which means the user can not change it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Open source licenses&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When developers release the source code along with (or instead of) executable files, it&#39;s called &lt;strong&gt;open-source software&lt;/strong&gt;. There are actually several open-source licenses that can more or less restrict usage of the software. Any creative work (not just software) can be released under an range of licenses:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All rights reserved&lt;/strong&gt; means the creator keeps copyright over the creative work. These works are not considered open source. This is usually designated with a copyright symbol, but doesn&#39;t have to be. &lt;em&gt;All creative works default to all rights reserved by the creator unless another license is specified.&lt;/em&gt; That is, unless a creator specifies a work as open source, it isn&#39;t!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Restrictive open source licenses&lt;/strong&gt; such as GPL, Apache, and some creative commons licenses restrict the use of released works, such as only permitting non-commercial use, or requiring attribution to the original source. Sometimes, non-commercial licenses are not considered open source[1].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nonrestrictive open source licenses&lt;/strong&gt; such as the MIT or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtfpl.net/about/&quot;&gt;WTFPL&lt;/a&gt; licenses have less restrictive clauses. They&#39;re only a step above public domain.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public domain&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;no&lt;/em&gt; rights are reserved by anyone. Public domain works are free to use, distribute, sell, etc. They&#39;re free to the public. Copyright holders lose their copyright 100 years after their death. At that point, the copyright is said to expire and the work is automatically released into the public domain.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Advantages&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Open Source Software (OSS) is free, which is an advantage by axiom. But OSS shines in other ways too.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many OSS projects were created by companies and individuals that had a need for a program or feature that wasn&#39;t widely available. Since these needs are often shared, other companies and individuals may start using the project. Some of them will have the know-how to detect security flaws, make bug fixes, and add features to the project. Users of commercial software are dependent on the vendor for this work, whereas OSS users rely on other users. For large projects, this army of users and contributors can outperform the work of a large company in supporting their software.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The result of all this is better software quality and higher security. More eyes are on the project, which is naturally also available to security researchers, students, and white-hat hackers. This provides a notable defense against supply chain attacks like the Solar Winds hacks[2].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[1] &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source#Open-source_license&quot;&gt;Wikipedia: Open Source&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Licenses which only permit non-commercial redistribution or modification of the source code for personal use only are generally not considered as open-source licenses.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; (Retrieved: 2021-10-01)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[2] &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rpc.senate.gov/policy-papers/the-solarwinds-cyberattack&quot;&gt;U.S. Senate: The SolarWinds Cyberattack&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;It is an example of a digital supply chain attack, in which hackers insert malicious code into trusted third-party software, thus infecting potentially all of the hacked companys customers.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Best practices for secure rsync backups</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/07/19/secure-rsync-backups/"/>
<updated>2021-07-19T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/07/19/secure-rsync-backups/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;If we&#39;ve learned anything from the massive &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OVHcloud#Incidents&quot;&gt;OVHCloud fire&lt;/a&gt; and recent &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/jul/18/not-just-money-ransomware-growing-political-threat/&quot;&gt;rise of ransomware attacks&lt;/a&gt;, it&#39;s that backups can no longer be left as an afterthought. When done right, backup systems can be done quickly without compromising security. When done wrong, and they often are, backup systems can fail to protect their hosts in an incident.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Incremental backups ftw&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After a machine is fully backed up, subsequent backups can either repeat the full backup &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; back up only what&#39;s changed. This latter type is called an &lt;strong&gt;incremental backup&lt;/strong&gt;. If very little has changed since the last backup, this can dramatically reduce the time and bandwidth costs of running the backup. Running full backups on a moderately-sized server can be so resource-intensive that backups are only performed weekly or monthly. However, losing a week or month of work can be devastating. Using incremental backups makes it economical to run them more frequently: daily or every few hours even.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;rsync&lt;/strong&gt; is a powerful command-line remote sync utility. It performs incremental backups by checking the hashes and modification times of files on the disk. Rsync is well-vetted and trusted open-source technology. It&#39;s all we need for a sophisticated system, without relying on bulky third-party backup software that could leave the system open to supply-chain attacks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Hardware&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It may be tempting to use your existing infrastructure for backups, but it&#39;s well worthwhile to dedicate a separate machine for this purpose. Imagine having two servers that need to be backed up, so your I.T. department backs them up to each other. If one server is breached in a ransomware attack, the attackers will have access to the backups of the second server. This backup could contain information like keyfiles and passwords that is then used to infect the second server with the same ransomware.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Servers with public-facing services are the most vulnerable, because each public website and mailserver provides an attack vector for zero-day exploits. And since our backups contain secrets, they need to be kept in an environment with top security. This can be done by using a dedicated device with the highest level of security. This machine should be heavily firewalled from the internet and should have no ports open.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The backup server can be hosted on a cloud, however it&#39;s much cheaper and more secure to self-host. Cloud hosts tend to over charge for large amounts of storage. It&#39;s much more economical to run SSD storage on locally-hosted bare metal. Since there are no public services on the backup server, it can be securely hosted on a local network without opening ports. Single board computers like the Raspberry Pi, or even an old laptop with a few SSDs plugged in can host large amounts of storage with very low overhead.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Access&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To ensure that the backup server is safe from network traversal, we&#39;ll limit user access to it to the administrators. &lt;strong&gt;Not even the backed-up devices should have access to the backup server&lt;/strong&gt;. Imagine that a public-facing server is breached and the data is ransomed. If that server has access to the backup server, the backups can be accessed and deleted by the attackers. Without the backups, the data can&#39;t be restored without paying the hackers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The simple way to prevent this is to run the backups backwards. That is, instead of commanding the public-facing server to &lt;em&gt;send&lt;/em&gt; its files to the backup server, the backup server will access the public-facing one and &lt;em&gt;retrieve&lt;/em&gt; them. That is, the backup server has access to the public-facing server, but not the other way around.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Preliminary hardening&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So, we will set up a local dedicated machine with large storage drives. The drives can be luks-encrypted for extra security. For this example, we will be using two debian machines. We&#39;ll use the &lt;code&gt;root&lt;/code&gt; user on the backup server, which we&#39;ll call &lt;code&gt;bkp&lt;/code&gt;. The public-facing server, &lt;code&gt;srv&lt;/code&gt; needs to have its &lt;code&gt;/srv&lt;/code&gt; directory backed up. We&#39;ll store it on &lt;code&gt;bkp&lt;/code&gt; in the directory, &lt;code&gt;/mnt/ssd/srv&lt;/code&gt;. We will use the &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt; account on &lt;code&gt;srv&lt;/code&gt;. This user comes with debian systems or can be created with &lt;code&gt;sudo useradd backup&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On debian, the default &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt; user has its shell set to &lt;code&gt;/sbin/nologin&lt;/code&gt;. We need to change that to a real shell for rsync to work.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;root@srv:~ # usermod -s /bin/sh backup
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Next, we need the &lt;code&gt;root&lt;/code&gt; user on &lt;code&gt;bkp&lt;/code&gt; to be able to log in with ssh as the &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt; user on &lt;code&gt;srv&lt;/code&gt;. This should be done with public key auth and &lt;code&gt;PasswordAuthentication&lt;/code&gt; should be turned off in &lt;code&gt;srv&lt;/code&gt;&#39;s ssh daemon configuration. These things are outside the scope of this article but easy to find online.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For something as vital as a backup server, it&#39;s a good idea to implement additional security layers, like single packet authentication or whitelisting a VPN subnet. This is also outside the scope of this article.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Permissions&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For fine-grained control, we&#39;re going to use access control lists on the server. First, install them:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;root@srv:~ # apt install acl
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Next, we&#39;ll take specify that &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt; user has no access to anything on the entire filesystem:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;root@srv:~ # setfacl -d -R -m user:backup:0 / 2&amp;gt;/dev/null
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Then, we can give it read-only access to the directories we want backed up.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;root@srv:~ # find /srv -type d -exec setfacl -d -m user:backup:5 {} \;
root@srv:~ # find /srv -type f -exec setfacl -m user:backup:4 {} \;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt; user needs to be able to run its own shell, as well as rsync (and, notably, nothing else!) We&#39;ll set this by simply removing the ACL from those files.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;root@srv:~ # setfacl -bn $(which rsync)
root@srv:~ # setfacl -bn $(which sh)
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SSH and gpg private keys need to be accessible by the owner &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; or those programs won&#39;t accept them. So we&#39;ll have trouble if the &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt; user can read them. Remove the ACLs from these files too to prevent this.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;root@srv:~ # setfacl -bn /etc/ssh/*_key
root@srv:~ # setfacl -bn /home/*/.ssh/id_*
root@srv:~ # setfacl -R -bn /etc/apt/trusted.gpg*
root@srv:~ # setfacl -R -bn /root/.gnupg
root@srv:~ # setfacl -R -bn /home/*/.gnupg
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This means ssh and gpg keys won&#39;t be backed up and will need to backed up separately.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If docker is running, you&#39;ll also need to remove the ACLs from the docker root directory. Otherwise, new containers will inherit the ACLs from the host machine and can star &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/issues/1069#issuecomment-882762024&quot;&gt;throwing permissions errors&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;root@srv:~ # docker info | grep &amp;quot;Docker Root Dir&amp;quot;
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
root@srv:~ # setfacl -R -d -bn /var/lib/docker
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Then again you might need to backup your docker volumes. In this case, reapply the ACL to the volumes directory:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;root@srv:~ # find /var/lib/docker/volumes -type d -exec setfacl -d -m user:backup:5 {} \;
root@srv:~ # find /var/lib/docker/volumes -type f -exec setfacl -m user:backup:4 {} \;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;That should do it. If you get permission-denied errors anywhere, remove the ACL as above and check that &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt; has access there as needed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Initial backup&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now we&#39;re ready to run the initial backup. Use &lt;code&gt;-vv&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;-e &#39;ssh -vv&#39;&lt;/code&gt; with your rsync command if debugging is necessary.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;root@bkp:~ # rsync -aXvz --delete srv:/srv/ /mnt/ssd/srv
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Don&#39;t forget the trailing slash in &lt;code&gt;srv:/srv/&lt;/code&gt;! If you exclude it, the directory itself will be copied over as &lt;code&gt;/mnt/ssd/srv/srv&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Hardening&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Once the initial backup has completed, we will set the server to restrict what the backup user can do on its side. Well &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt; can only run &lt;code&gt;sh&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;rsync&lt;/code&gt; already, but we don&#39;t want it to be able to try anything funny with sh. So we can restrict the user to a single command. First we need to find out that command is. Not the one that we run on &lt;code&gt;bkp&lt;/code&gt;, but the one that is executed on &lt;code&gt;srv&lt;/code&gt;&#39;s end.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is actually not too hard. We just need the verbose output from ssh on the server-side. Get it by adding &lt;code&gt;-e &#39;ssh -v&#39;&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;root@bkp:~ # rsync -aXvz --delete srv:/srv/ /mnt/ssd/srv
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This will produce a lot of output. Find the line that looks like this:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;debug1: Sending command: rsync --server -vlogDtprz --delete . /srv
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can cancel the backup once that output is acquired, but you can also let it run to completion if you want. It should go run as an incremental sync and be dramatically faster than the initial backup.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This command can be put in our &lt;code&gt;/etc/ssh/sshd_config&lt;/code&gt; on &lt;code&gt;srv&lt;/code&gt;. We&#39;ll put it in a match block that only applies to the &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt; user. This will restrict that user to only be able to run that one command through ssh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;...
# Limit backups to rsync
Match User backup
ForceCommand rsync --server --sender -vlogDtprz . /srv
X11Forwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding no
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What if a clever hacker figures out how to log in with &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt;&#39;s ssh key, but not as the &lt;code&gt;backup&lt;/code&gt; user? We can actually restrict the keypair to this command too. Modify the line in &lt;code&gt;~backup/.ssh/authorized_keys&lt;/code&gt; to include the restrictions before the public key:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;command=&amp;quot;rsync --server --sender -vlogDtprz . /srv&amp;quot;,no-pty,no-port-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1y... root@bkp
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Automation&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our system is working as intended now, but we&#39;re not done yet. We now have to automate the process using systemd. This can be done in a number of different ways using our working rsync command. At the most basic, that rsync command can be dropped into a new &lt;code&gt;backup.service&lt;/code&gt; file like this:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;[Unit]
Description=Pull backups from srv
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/rsync -aXz --delete srv:/srv/ /mnt/ssd/srv
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Then, you can run backups with &lt;code&gt;systemctl start backup&lt;/code&gt;. Neat. Now we can add the service to a new &lt;code&gt;backup.timer&lt;/code&gt; to have it run automatically:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;[Unit]
Description=Pull backups tuesdays at 1am
[Timer]
OnCalendar=tuesday *-*-* 01:00:00
Persistent=true
Unit=backup.service
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Don&#39;t forget to enable the service on boot with &lt;code&gt;systemctl enable backup.timer&lt;/code&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Monitoring&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Next, some service monitors must be configured. This is not optional: there are many stories of sysadmins needing to restore backups after an incident, only to find that the backup service threw an error years ago and hasn&#39;t run since! We need to be notified when our backups stop backing up.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An good way to get these notifications is by email. Laeffe at Northern Light Labs wrote a great article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://northernlightlabs.se/2014-07-05/systemd-status-mail-on-unit-failure.html&quot;&gt;how to set up a systemd service to email you if another service fails&lt;/a&gt;. You can even have the error logs piped into the email.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Redundancy&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a last step, get another backup server and repeat all these steps again on it. We need to have two copies of our backup, just in case a catastrophe wipes out one of them with the original data. It&#39;s not unheard of. The two backups should be geographically isolated from each other, if possible.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>AI-powered content writing</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/05/18/ai-content-writing/"/>
<updated>2021-05-18T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/05/18/ai-content-writing/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GPT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is neural network language model used to generate text. At times, it can produce uncannily human-like writing, as in this example, which I generated from this pages meta-description using gpt2:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Modern algorithms can generate text that looks human-generated. How will SEO be affected?&lt;/strong&gt; Well, it&#39;s hard to say for sure, as it&#39;s impossible to know how much human input goes into the creation of an algorithm. However, we do know that, in addition to the time and effort taken by human editors and designers, the average human spends anywhere from 40-50 hours creating a single web page. And, most importantly, as many as half the web page is written in plain English.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sure, it is fluffy and doesn&#39;t make any sense, but it would be very hard for another algorithm, such a a web crawler, to tell if it was written by a human or an AI.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/09/how-search-engines-rank-results/&quot;&gt;Search engines rank results&lt;/a&gt; in no small part based on the text on that webpage and how &amp;quot;relevant&amp;quot; it is. Since Google&#39;s algorithm attempts to ignore useless text like keyword stuffing, it will likely also start detecting computer-generated text. Otherwise, AI-generated articles will become the new keyword stuffing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m not sure how search engines attempt to determine computer-generated garbage from quality content. One method could be to track the behavior of searchers to try to determine which sites were the most helpful in solving the query (for example, which site did the searcher visit last? Maybe they found the answer they were looking for there.)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In any case, using an AI like GPT might be effective in generating content to boost search results, but since the content is not actually useful to the searcher, search engines are likely to start punishing this behavior with lower rankings, if they haven&#39;t already.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Hosting locally for speed and security</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/26/hosting-locally-for-speed-and-security/"/>
<updated>2021-04-26T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/26/hosting-locally-for-speed-and-security/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;People often confuse the web and the internet. The web is all the websites served over the internet with http. The internet is the global network of computers that enables this.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Email is an example of an internet technology separate from the web. In the last 15 years, email has turned from a distributed network protocol to a service offered by a few tech giants. But it wasn&#39;t always like this. Up to the early 2000&#39;s, it was common to have an email address from your local ISP, company, or school. All your emails were hosted locally. If you had a problem or needed help, you could talk to your IT guy. These were the good days.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now, almost all emails go through servers run by Google and Microsoft. There are two main problems with this centralization:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Privacy&lt;/strong&gt; Google is an ad company, and profits by collecting data about you to sell to advertisers. There&#39;s a reason their email service is free; it&#39;s because they make enough revenue from selling your data.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Security&lt;/strong&gt; Having most of the world&#39;s emails on one company&#39;s servers means there&#39;s a single attack vector for all that private data. The recent Microsoft Exchange hacks (&lt;a href=&quot;https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/03/tens-of-thousands-of-us-organizations-hit-in-ongoing-microsoft-exchange-hack/&quot;&gt;Ars Technica, March 2021&lt;/a&gt;) demonstrate that even tech giants can&#39;t be trusted to keep their products secure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One final advantage of local hosting is increased speed and reliability. By keeping your services on servers that are physically near your location, they load faster and stay up through outages elsewhere in the country.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We at SLV IT offer affordable local hosting and support for websites, email, and other &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.slvit.us/services&quot;&gt;services&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Adding a small weather widget to a website</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/21/weather-widget-website/"/>
<updated>2021-04-21T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/21/weather-widget-website/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;One of my favorite weather APIs, &lt;a href=&quot;https://wttr.in/&quot;&gt;wttr.in&lt;/a&gt; serves up a simple, text-based weather applet and forecast that you can even view in a terminal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They also generate PNG images of current conditions. For example, this is the weather in Antonito, Colorado right now:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://wttr.in/Antonito,%20Colorado_0pq_transparency=200.png&quot; alt=&quot;https://wttr.in/Antonito,Colorado&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This weather data is pulled from an external API (&lt;a href=&quot;http://wttr.in/&quot;&gt;wttr.in&lt;/a&gt;), which means that the image is not served by this website. After all the content on this page loads, that image is generated off-site and inserted into the page when you load it. That&#39;s how we achieve lightning-fast page load times &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; display realtime data.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Your professional UI is terrible and nobody likes it</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/18/your-professional-ui-is-terrible/"/>
<updated>2021-04-18T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/18/your-professional-ui-is-terrible/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;I saw a reddit comment by an IT guy whose boss asked him to put up a warning about the site&#39;s cookies. The tech replied that this was unnecessary because the company doesn&#39;t do any work in the EU, and is not subject to the GDPR rules that would require it. The boss said he knew that, but he thought it would make the site to look &amp;quot;more professional&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The IT worker convinced the boss to leave it, but I think about it all the time. Sometimes it feels like more complex UIs are a bandwagon that &amp;quot;look professional&amp;quot; but users actually hate. The vast majority of people don&#39;t know what cookies are except that you have to click accept for them. I actually know what they are and care about my privacy and even I think those messages are worthless. It&#39;s like UI trends are on a race to the bottom, with snakeoil digital marketing firms leading the charge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Misleading metrics&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One of the most-hated UI horrors is the newsletter signup popup. Market research (asking my friends) has confirmed that nobody actually likes those things. But they&#39;re wildly popular. Why? Marketing suits see that x% of users shown the popup will sign up and y% of people that see their newsletters will buy something. So they think that increasing those two numbers, however tiny they are, will squeeze out a little more sales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m not so convinced of causation between x and y in this case. I help my grandma with her computer and one of her common complaints is that her inbox is full of junk and she can&#39;t find her actual emails. It&#39;s because when she sees one of those popups on a website, it asks for her email so she puts her email in. I am convinced that increased sales from your trashy UI are mostly from lost grandmas on the internet. It&#39;s not ok.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;My grandma also told me she was getting charged for something called &lt;em&gt;Amazon Prime&lt;/em&gt; and she didn&#39;t know what that was. Anyone that&#39;s ever used Amazon knows that you have to navigate a mess of suggested products, wait for several stages of spinning yellow wheels, and dodge constant messaging to sign up for Prime. The last page before payment is a bunch of small text explaining what prime is, followed by a small link that says &amp;quot;No thanks&amp;quot; and a huge yellow button that says &amp;quot;YES I WANT FREE SHIPPING FOR 30 DAYS&amp;quot;. My Grandma did the right thing, to get the charges reversed, but probably x% of Grandmas don&#39;t and Amazon withdraws their money every month until they complain and dispute it. It&#39;s downright scammy behavior that preys on unsaavy users like my Grandma, but Amazon knows that it&#39;s profitable and they have the metrics to prove it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Simple UIs are better anyway&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Having a simple, text-based UI might not look &amp;quot;professional&amp;quot;, but users actually like using it. Scripts that direct popups at users, track their mouse movements, or flash animations aren&#39;t just intrusive; they bog your site down and add to its complexity. That makes it harder and more expensive to maintain. This is especially true if your site&#39;s APIs are based on a third party that can alter their pricing as they see fit. On the other hand, a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.slvit.us/services/websites&quot;&gt;simple website&lt;/a&gt; with minimal dependencies can last decades with little to no maintenance. Craigslist is a great example of a simple UI. Everyone likes using Craigslist; it loads fast and is easy to use.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Adding videos to eleventy pages</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/16/adding-videos-to-eleventy-pages/"/>
<updated>2021-04-16T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/16/adding-videos-to-eleventy-pages/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;We use &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.11ty.dev/&quot;&gt;eleventy static site generator&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.slvit.us/services/websites&quot;&gt;our static websites&lt;/a&gt;. It&#39;s a highly flexible and modular static site generator.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, adding a video to a page can be done with template shortcodes. This is the code in this site&#39;s &lt;code&gt;.eleventy.js&lt;/code&gt; (added after the return statement).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;// Video shortcode
eleventyConfig.addShortcode(&#39;vid&#39;, (videoName) =&amp;gt; `
&amp;lt;video controls width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;source src=&amp;quot;${videoName}&amp;quot; type=&amp;quot;video/${videoName.split(&#39;.&#39;).pop()}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;${videoName}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;${videoName}&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/video&amp;gt;`)
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Then we can drop this block into any page to add a video:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;{% vid &#39;lightning.mp4&#39; %}
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And the result generated on the page looks like this:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;video controls=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
&lt;source src=&quot;https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/16/adding-videos-to-eleventy-pages/lightning.mp4&quot; type=&quot;video/mp4&quot; /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/16/adding-videos-to-eleventy-pages/lightning.mp4&quot;&gt;lightning.mp4&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/video&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Neat. We can do the same thing for youtube videos. Put this in &lt;code&gt;.elventy.js&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;// Youtube shortcode
eleventyConfig.addShortcode(&#39;yt&#39;, (shortCode) =&amp;gt; `
&amp;lt;iframe width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;
height=&amp;quot;400vh&amp;quot;
src=&amp;quot;https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/${shortCode}&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;
allow=&amp;quot;accelerometer;autoplay;clipboard-write;encrypted-media; gyroscope;picture-in-picture&amp;quot;
allowfullscreen&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;`)
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And then put this on any page, replacing &lt;code&gt;3DaRrmEPvYs&lt;/code&gt; with your video&#39;s shortcode. That&#39;s the part in the youtube video URL after the &lt;code&gt;v=&lt;/code&gt;. For example, this is for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DaRrmEPvYs&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DaRrmEPvYs&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;{% yt &#39;3DaRrmEPvYs&#39; %}
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And it comes out a little something like this:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;iframe width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;400vh&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/3DaRrmEPvYs&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; allow=&quot;autoplay;clipboard-write;encrypted-media;picture-in-picture&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Multi-vector SEO</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/14/multi-vector-seo/"/>
<updated>2021-04-14T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/14/multi-vector-seo/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Before Google, there were phone books. They were big paperback books with thin pages. They contained lists of phone numbers. They were always yellow for some reason. If you needed, say, a web designer, you&#39;d look under &amp;quot;w&amp;quot; and there would be a list of web design companies with their phone number and address.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Phonebooks have been superseded by websearch, as have dictionaries and encyclopedias. Google, in their quest to provide the most relevant results, tracks the results that searchers click on and puts those results higher. This helps the best sites get to the top.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So instead of exclusively publishing content about a business, we write content about the industry in general. This demonstrates to Google that you have an informative website, providing value to internet searchers. Google, in turn, will promote your site for business searches too.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, if you run a septic pumping company, you will only be able to write so much content about how well your company can pump sludge. And your site will only show up in searches for it directly. This is single-vector SEO. However, you can put up content about new septic tank innovations, how-to articles on how to cast your own septic tank, or stories about the world&#39;s largest septic tank. This kind of content isn&#39;t about your company at all, but it is informative. It draws traffic to your site from various google searches: you&#39;re advertising across multiple search vectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Providing this keyword-based content shows Google that you are providing a good website for their users and raises your search rankings across all queries. I wrote more about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/09/how-search-engines-rank-results/&quot;&gt;how Google ranks results&lt;/a&gt; in a previous post.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Two-stage digital marketing</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/09/two-stage-digital-marketing/"/>
<updated>2021-04-09T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/09/two-stage-digital-marketing/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marketing happens in two distinct stages:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brand recognition&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;s goal is to notify potential consumers that you exist. This is the &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;How did you hear about us?&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; stage. Newspaper ads, billboards, radio spots, word of mouth, etc.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Information gathering&lt;/strong&gt; is how consumers actually decide to buy a product or service, compared to its competitors.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, say you need the oil changed on your car. You could look in the phone book, or ask your friends who &amp;quot;their guy&amp;quot; is. This is &lt;strong&gt;brand recognition&lt;/strong&gt;. Once you have a list of potential mechanics, you might call them one-by-one to find out who&#39;s cheapest, or if they work on your vehicle make. This is &lt;strong&gt;information gathering&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An effective marketing strategy should involve both stages. Digital marketing works the same way.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Insufficient brand recognition means nobody even knows about your business. This, however, can be remedied with advertising. It&#39;s the sort of problem that you can just throw money at.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The information gathering phase requires some attention. If people repeatedly call your business and there&#39;s no answer, the average consumer will go down their list and call the next guy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Websites for information-gathering&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lots of modern websites fail to actually convey information. The average mechanic&#39;s website doesn&#39;t list pricing or the types of vehicles they work on. So consumers in the information-gathering phase &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt; to call. There are a few problems with that:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The phone lines are only open during business hours, so potential clients can only gather information during that time. And if &lt;em&gt;they&lt;/em&gt; have a job and their boss doesn&#39;t want them using the office phone for their own information-gathering, this can be a serious problem.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequently-asked questions tie up the phone lines as your secretary has to repeatedly answer the same question over and over.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The secretary, or whoever answers the phone, is human. If they provide bad or incomplete information, you can lose business. If the caller so much as perceives them as rude, you can lose business.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Having a human answer the phone to answer questions is clearly a weak point in the information-gathering phase. Using a website for this phase provides many advantages:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The website works 24/7, so your potential customers can gather information on their own time, after work.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The website provides standardized information that&#39;s easy to the owner to confirm. No wrong answers; no incomplete answers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Of course, a website can&#39;t answer &lt;em&gt;every&lt;/em&gt; question. You&#39;ll still need someone to man the phones to answer specific questions about their specific problem. But if people are calling with the same questions, the website can do most of the heavy lifting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I can&#39;t speak for everyone, but personally, I prefer to get information on a website. Making phone calls is just not very fun. If I already know, from google, that a business will satisfy my needs at a good price, why would I go through the hassle of calling around?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Websites for brand recognition&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The brand-recognition phase of a digital marketing strategy is search engine optimization (SEO). This is the art and science of getting your site on Google&#39;s search results page. I wrote a post about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/09/how-search-engines-rank-results/&quot;&gt;How search engines rank results&lt;/a&gt;, but to summarize, Google &amp;quot;prefers&amp;quot; websites that are clean, fast, secure, well-organized, and convey useful information.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;That&#39;s why a website that provides information for potential customers actually performs double-duty:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Customers find the information they need without having to call&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Google ranks the informative website higher in search results&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Here at SLV IT, our &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.slvit.us/services/websites&quot;&gt;websites&lt;/a&gt; are purpose-built to do both these jobs. These websites are simple, but they provide both stages of a complete digital marketing strategy.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>How search engines rank results</title>
<link href="https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/09/how-search-engines-rank-results/"/>
<updated>2021-04-09T00:00:00Z</updated>
<id>https://www.slvit.us/posts/2021/04/09/how-search-engines-rank-results/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;People don&#39;t use the phone book anymore. If you&#39;re looking for a product or service, you search for it on Google and try to collect information on the first couple of results. So being at the top of search results is lucrative. Google has a ton of power, in that they can unilaterally decide who gets customers and who doesn&#39;t. But how does Google actually determine which business deserves to be on top?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;The algorithm: a brief history&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One of the oldest methods that search engines use is to count keywords on websites. For example, if a user searches for &amp;quot;widgets&amp;quot;, the search engine could list all the pages that mention &amp;quot;widgets&amp;quot; and then sort them by the number of times that site mentions that word. The page that says &amp;quot;widgets&amp;quot; the most is probably the most relevant site to the person searching for &amp;quot;widgets&amp;quot;, so the search engine lists that page first.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now, if you want your widgets site to be at the top of the list, an easy way to do that would be to fill your page with the word &amp;quot;widgets&amp;quot; over and over again. This is an SEO technique called &lt;strong&gt;keyword stuffing&lt;/strong&gt; and was the easiest way to promote your site in search rankings.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;That is, until Google got wise and put an end to it. They modified their algorithm to ignore repeated text like that, and started &lt;em&gt;punishing&lt;/em&gt; keyword-stuffed sites with lower rankings.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Hacking the algo... but, let&#39;s not&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Google&#39;s reasoning for punishing keyword stuffing is obvious. They were no longer providing the most &lt;em&gt;relevant&lt;/em&gt; results for the word &amp;quot;widgets&amp;quot;, they were providing the most keyword-stuffed results.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Keyword stuffing is not the only hacky way of exploiting the algorithm. SEO companies have been finding all kinds of sketchy techniques to promote their clients with the least effort. And then google figures out what&#39;s happening and starts punishing those sites instead of promoting them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This created a sort of arms race with SEO companies trying to figure out how to exploit the algorithm as long as possible before Google finds out. If you call SEO companies, they will often tell you that they have some secret sauce to promote your site in the results... but they can&#39;t tell you about it. The real question is, how long is that sauce going to work before Google figures it out? When they do, they&#39;ll start demoting your site, long after the SEO firm has jumped ship with wheelbarrows full of money.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;What Google wants&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These &amp;quot;hacky&amp;quot; methods of SEO all have something in common. They don&#39;t align with the ultimate goal of Google&#39;s algorithm: to provide the best results for a given query.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Much of Google&#39;s algorithm is secret because they want to prevent its exploitation. We can, however, learn more about what they want from what they publicly reveal. Google has openly stated that they promote sites that:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are encrypted with HTTPS&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Load fast&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Provide a mobile-friendly interface&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do not contain keyword-stuffed or computer-generated text&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Google still uses keyword analysis to determine relevancy... but they are clearly intent on promoting sites that are (for lack of a better word) &amp;quot;good&amp;quot;. Having a site that&#39;s fast, encrypted, and mobile-friendly is inherently good for its users, so google promotes those sites. Having a site that&#39;s computer generated and doesn&#39;t convey any actual information... that&#39;s bad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So instead of focusing on getting ahead of the algorithm, let&#39;s work &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; it and try to design sites that are &amp;quot;good&amp;quot;. The definition of good is still set by our search engine overlords, but it&#39;s good for them if we make &amp;quot;good&amp;quot; sites, so they define &amp;quot;good&amp;quot; publicly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Google likes to see text with keywords on your site... but not fake text. Clearly, they want your site to be informative and genuine. So let&#39;s start there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Good sites convey information. Good sites are fast and simple. Nowhere does Google say that good sites have to be colorful, have images, or fancy theming. Those things are pretty, but Google doesn&#39;t care. And if your fancy theme makes your site load slower... that&#39;s bad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you want to promote your site on Google, your best bet is to make something informative and simple. That&#39;s why our websites are simple, clean, and full of keyword-targeted content.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
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<td><a href="/services/hardware/data/"><code>/services/hardware/data/</code></a></td>
<td>Data services</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/services/hardware/"><code>/services/hardware/</code></a></td>
<td>Computer Hardware Services</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/services/hardware/nas/"><code>/services/hardware/nas/</code></a></td>
<td>Network-Attached Storage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/services/hardware/networking/"><code>/services/hardware/networking/</code></a></td>
<td>Network/wifi configuration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/services/hardware/storage/"><code>/services/hardware/storage/</code></a></td>
<td>Cloud Storage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/services/hardware/vpn/"><code>/services/hardware/vpn/</code></a></td>
<td>Virtual Private Network</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/services/hosting/discourse/"><code>/services/hosting/discourse/</code></a></td>
<td>Discourse Forum Hosting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/services/hosting/email/"><code>/services/hosting/email/</code></a></td>
<td>Mailserver hosting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/services/hosting/gitea/"><code>/services/hosting/gitea/</code></a></td>
<td>Gitea hosting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/services/hosting/"><code>/services/hosting/</code></a></td>
<td>Hosting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/services/hosting/nextcloud/"><code>/services/hosting/nextcloud/</code></a></td>
<td>NextCloud hosting</td>
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<td><a href="/services/hosting/odoo/"><code>/services/hosting/odoo/</code></a></td>
<td>Odoo hosting</td>
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<td><a href="/services/hosting/static/"><code>/services/hosting/static/</code></a></td>
<td>Static website hosting</td>
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<td><a href="/services/hosting/voip/"><code>/services/hosting/voip/</code></a></td>
<td>VoIP and Phone Tree Hosting</td>
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<td><a href="/services/hosting/wordpress/"><code>/services/hosting/wordpress/</code></a></td>
<td>Wordpress hosting</td>
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<td><a href="/services/support/help-desk/"><code>/services/support/help-desk/</code></a></td>
<td>Help desk</td>
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<tr>
<td><a href="/services/support/"><code>/services/support/</code></a></td>
<td>Computer repairs and lessons</td>
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<tr>
<td><a href="/services/support/lessons/"><code>/services/support/lessons/</code></a></td>
<td>Computer Lessons</td>
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<tr>
<td><a href="/services/support/repairs/"><code>/services/support/repairs/</code></a></td>
<td>Computer repair</td>
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<tr>
<td><a href="/services/support/restoration/"><code>/services/support/restoration/</code></a></td>
<td>Antique computer restorations</td>
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<td>Websites</td>
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<td>SEO</td>
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<td><a href="/services/websites/static/"><code>/services/websites/static/</code></a></td>
<td>Static websites</td>
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<td><a href="/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/d9079897/"><code>/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/d9079897/</code></a></td>
<td>2016 Dell Optiplex 9020 (Linux Manjaro KDE Plasma) Desktop</td>
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<tr>
<td><a href="/shop/computers/desktops/hp_z230/d2646191/"><code>/shop/computers/desktops/hp_z230/d2646191/</code></a></td>
<td>2010 HP Z230 SFF (Linux Mint xfce) Desktop</td>
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<tr>
<td><a href="/shop/computers/desktops/hp_z240/d0664022/"><code>/shop/computers/desktops/hp_z240/d0664022/</code></a></td>
<td>2016 HP Z240 SFF (Linux Mint Cinnamon) Desktop</td>
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<tr>
<td><a href="/shop/computers/desktops/hp_z240/d1674407/"><code>/shop/computers/desktops/hp_z240/d1674407/</code></a></td>
<td>2016 HP Z240 SFF (Linux Fedora 37 Gnome) Desktop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/shop/computers/desktops/hp_z240/d4531351/"><code>/shop/computers/desktops/hp_z240/d4531351/</code></a></td>
<td>2016 HP Z240 SFF (Linux Mint Cinnamon) Desktop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/shop/computers/laptops/dell/latitude_e7240/l7278286/"><code>/shop/computers/laptops/dell/latitude_e7240/l7278286/</code></a></td>
<td>2015 Dell Latitude E7240 (Linux Fedora 37) Laptop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/shop/computers/laptops/lenovo/ideapad_330-17/l8575077/"><code>/shop/computers/laptops/lenovo/ideapad_330-17/l8575077/</code></a></td>
<td>2018 Lenovo IdeaPad 330-17 (Linux Mint Cinnamon) Laptop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/shop/"><code>/shop/</code></a></td>
<td>Shop</td>
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<td><a href="/shop/phones/pixel-6a/calyxos/fc7422/"><code>/shop/phones/pixel-6a/calyxos/fc7422/</code></a></td>
<td>Privacy Pixel 6a Phone with CalyxOS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/shop/phones/pixel-6a/grapheneos/fc2144/"><code>/shop/phones/pixel-6a/grapheneos/fc2144/</code></a></td>
<td>Privacy Pixel 6a Phone with GrapheneOS</td>
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<td><a href="/tags/"><code>/tags/</code></a></td>
<td></td>
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<td><a href="/tags/seo/"><code>/tags/seo/</code></a></td>
<td>Posts about seo</td>
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<td>Posts about products</td>
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<td><a href="/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/d8578682/"><code>/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/d8578682/</code></a></td>
<td>2016 Dell Optiplex 9020 (Linux Manjaro Gnome) Desktop</td>
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<td><a href="/posts/2021/04/18/your-professional-ui-is-terrible/"><code>/posts/2021/04/18/your-professional-ui-is-terrible/</code></a></td>
<td>Your professional UI is terrible and nobody likes it</td>
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<td><a href="/posts/2021/04/21/weather-widget-website/"><code>/posts/2021/04/21/weather-widget-website/</code></a></td>
<td>Adding a small weather widget to a website</td>
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<td><a href="/posts/2021/04/26/hosting-locally-for-speed-and-security/"><code>/posts/2021/04/26/hosting-locally-for-speed-and-security/</code></a></td>
<td>Hosting locally for speed and security</td>
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<td><a href="/posts/2021/05/18/ai-content-writing/"><code>/posts/2021/05/18/ai-content-writing/</code></a></td>
<td>AI-powered content writing</td>
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<td><a href="/posts/2021/07/19/secure-rsync-backups/"><code>/posts/2021/07/19/secure-rsync-backups/</code></a></td>
<td>Best practices for secure rsync backups</td>
</tr>
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<td><a href="/posts/2021/10/01/what-is-open-source/"><code>/posts/2021/10/01/what-is-open-source/</code></a></td>
<td>What is open source and who cares?</td>
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<td><a href="/posts/2021/11/12/attack-surface-reduction-for-the-layperson/"><code>/posts/2021/11/12/attack-surface-reduction-for-the-layperson/</code></a></td>
<td>Attack surface reduction for the layperson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/posts/2022/10/03/whats-the-best-antivirus/"><code>/posts/2022/10/03/whats-the-best-antivirus/</code></a></td>
<td>What's the best antivirus software?</td>
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<td><a href="/pc-buyers-guide/"><code>/pc-buyers-guide/</code></a></td>
<td>PC Buyers Guide</td>
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<td>Posts</td>
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<td>Services</td>
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<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
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<main><h1>📘 PC Buyers Guide</h1>
<p>Interested in buying a new or used computer? This guide will help you pick a personal computer thats sufficient for your needs. There are three main specifications the consumer should consider: <strong>memory</strong>, <strong>processor</strong>, and <strong>storage</strong>.</p>
<h2>🧠 Memory (RAM)</h2>
<p><strong>Memory</strong>, AKA <strong>RAM</strong> determines your computer's capacity for multitasking. When too many programs are opened, the computer can &quot;run out of memory&quot; and slow to a crawl.</p>
<p><strong>DDR4</strong> is newer and faster than <strong>DDR3</strong>. RAM also has a frequency spec in Hz: a higher number is better.</p>
<p>Dont buy a computer with less than 4GB of RAM! Operating systems typically require more than this.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>4GB</strong> is a good minimum. This should be enough for users that use one program at a time, or just a few.</li>
<li><strong>8GB</strong> is a good middle ground that should cover most use cases.</li>
<li><strong>16GB</strong> is enough for even the heaviest power user loads, gaming etc.</li>
<li><strong>32GB or more</strong> because there's no such thing as too much! You might want a lot of RAM if your workload includes multitasking lots of resource-intensive programs.</li>
</ul>
<p>It's relatively easy to upgrade a system's RAM. However, there are limitations, such as the number of available slots and the maximum RAM the processor can handle.</p>
<h2>🧮 Processors</h2>
<p>Processors do all the computers math. All computers have a <strong>Central Processing Unit</strong> (<strong>CPU</strong>) and some also have an optional <strong>Graphics Processing Unit</strong> (<strong>GPU</strong>). CPUs are general-purpose, while GPUs do processing related to graphics only. Having a GPU takes a big weight off the CPUs shoulders.</p>
<p>You will need more powerful processors if youre going to be doing any video editing or gaming. Otherwise, its not so important.</p>
<p>Generally, the best CPUs can be determined by checking these stats:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Number of cores</strong> is the number of individual CPU chips. More cores are better.</li>
<li><strong>Clock speed</strong>, measured in GHz: Determines how many billion computations can be done in each core (thread) per second. Higher numbers are faster chips.</li>
<li><strong>Model number</strong>: Chipmakers do make incremental changes to their designs which result in small performance improvements. So, all other things being equal, look for later model numbers.</li>
</ul>
<p>Processors can sometimes be upgraded, but the socket must be compatible with the new chip. AMD and Intel, the two big processor-makers each have their own socket type, so you can't replace an Intel CPU with an AMD CPU. GPUs are generally mounted on a graphics card which is easily interchangable.</p>
<h2>💾 Storage</h2>
<p>Storage determines how many files you can fit on your computer. This includes all documents, programs, photos, videos, music, etc.</p>
<p>A <strong>Hard Disk Drive</strong>, or <strong>HDD</strong> has a physical disk that's read by a laser. These are delicate items and prone to failure, especially when dropped. They are also slower than other forms of storage. However, they are cheap, even at high capacities.</p>
<p><strong>Solid State Drives</strong>, or <strong>SSDs</strong> are faster, more reliable, and more expensive.</p>
<p>Flash media such as <strong>NVMe</strong> or <strong>eMMC</strong> storage are typically faster, more reliable, and more expensive than SSD storage.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Less than 128GB</strong> is probably too little. So little storage will limit the number of programs you can install</li>
<li><strong>128GB</strong> is a good minimum for most use cases, but won't hold a lot of games, music, videos, etc.</li>
<li><strong>256GB</strong> is better if you have a small photo/music library or want to install lots of programs.</li>
<li><strong>512GB</strong> will hold a decent amount of music and videos.</li>
<li><strong>1TB or more</strong> is enough for almost all use cases, including large music and video libraries. (1024GB = 1TB) You might need more for storage-intensive tasks like massive video libraries or backups of multiple computers.</li>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>How search engines rank results</h1>
<time datetime="2021-04-09">09 Apr 2021</time><a href="/tags/seo/" class="post-tag">seo</a>
<p>People don't use the phone book anymore. If you're looking for a product or service, you search for it on Google and try to collect information on the first couple of results. So being at the top of search results is lucrative. Google has a ton of power, in that they can unilaterally decide who gets customers and who doesn't. But how does Google actually determine which business deserves to be on top?</p>
<h2>The algorithm: a brief history</h2>
<p>One of the oldest methods that search engines use is to count keywords on websites. For example, if a user searches for &quot;widgets&quot;, the search engine could list all the pages that mention &quot;widgets&quot; and then sort them by the number of times that site mentions that word. The page that says &quot;widgets&quot; the most is probably the most relevant site to the person searching for &quot;widgets&quot;, so the search engine lists that page first.</p>
<p>Now, if you want your widgets site to be at the top of the list, an easy way to do that would be to fill your page with the word &quot;widgets&quot; over and over again. This is an SEO technique called <strong>keyword stuffing</strong> and was the easiest way to promote your site in search rankings.</p>
<p>That is, until Google got wise and put an end to it. They modified their algorithm to ignore repeated text like that, and started <em>punishing</em> keyword-stuffed sites with lower rankings.</p>
<h2>Hacking the algo... but, let's not</h2>
<p>Google's reasoning for punishing keyword stuffing is obvious. They were no longer providing the most <em>relevant</em> results for the word &quot;widgets&quot;, they were providing the most keyword-stuffed results.</p>
<p>Keyword stuffing is not the only hacky way of exploiting the algorithm. SEO companies have been finding all kinds of sketchy techniques to promote their clients with the least effort. And then google figures out what's happening and starts punishing those sites instead of promoting them.</p>
<p>This created a sort of arms race with SEO companies trying to figure out how to exploit the algorithm as long as possible before Google finds out. If you call SEO companies, they will often tell you that they have some secret sauce to promote your site in the results... but they can't tell you about it. The real question is, how long is that sauce going to work before Google figures it out? When they do, they'll start demoting your site, long after the SEO firm has jumped ship with wheelbarrows full of money.</p>
<h2>What Google wants</h2>
<p>These &quot;hacky&quot; methods of SEO all have something in common. They don't align with the ultimate goal of Google's algorithm: to provide the best results for a given query.</p>
<p>Much of Google's algorithm is secret because they want to prevent its exploitation. We can, however, learn more about what they want from what they publicly reveal. Google has openly stated that they promote sites that:</p>
<ul>
<li>Are encrypted with HTTPS</li>
<li>Load fast</li>
<li>Provide a mobile-friendly interface</li>
<li>Do not contain keyword-stuffed or computer-generated text</li>
</ul>
<p>Google still uses keyword analysis to determine relevancy... but they are clearly intent on promoting sites that are (for lack of a better word) &quot;good&quot;. Having a site that's fast, encrypted, and mobile-friendly is inherently good for its users, so google promotes those sites. Having a site that's computer generated and doesn't convey any actual information... that's bad.</p>
<p>So instead of focusing on getting ahead of the algorithm, let's work <em>with</em> it and try to design sites that are &quot;good&quot;. The definition of good is still set by our search engine overlords, but it's good for them if we make &quot;good&quot; sites, so they define &quot;good&quot; publicly.</p>
<p>Google likes to see text with keywords on your site... but not fake text. Clearly, they want your site to be informative and genuine. So let's start there.</p>
<p>Good sites convey information. Good sites are fast and simple. Nowhere does Google say that good sites have to be colorful, have images, or fancy theming. Those things are pretty, but Google doesn't care. And if your fancy theme makes your site load slower... that's bad.</p>
<h2>Conclusions</h2>
<p>If you want to promote your site on Google, your best bet is to make something informative and simple. That's why our websites are simple, clean, and full of keyword-targeted content.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Two-stage digital marketing</h1>
<time datetime="2021-04-09">09 Apr 2021</time><a href="/tags/marketing/" class="post-tag">marketing</a>
<p>Marketing happens in two distinct stages:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Brand recognition</strong>'s goal is to notify potential consumers that you exist. This is the &quot;<em>How did you hear about us?</em>&quot; stage. Newspaper ads, billboards, radio spots, word of mouth, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Information gathering</strong> is how consumers actually decide to buy a product or service, compared to its competitors.</li>
</ul>
<p>For example, say you need the oil changed on your car. You could look in the phone book, or ask your friends who &quot;their guy&quot; is. This is <strong>brand recognition</strong>. Once you have a list of potential mechanics, you might call them one-by-one to find out who's cheapest, or if they work on your vehicle make. This is <strong>information gathering</strong>.</p>
<p>An effective marketing strategy should involve both stages. Digital marketing works the same way.</p>
<p>Insufficient brand recognition means nobody even knows about your business. This, however, can be remedied with advertising. It's the sort of problem that you can just throw money at.</p>
<p>The information gathering phase requires some attention. If people repeatedly call your business and there's no answer, the average consumer will go down their list and call the next guy.</p>
<h2>Websites for information-gathering</h2>
<p>Lots of modern websites fail to actually convey information. The average mechanic's website doesn't list pricing or the types of vehicles they work on. So consumers in the information-gathering phase <em>have</em> to call. There are a few problems with that:</p>
<ul>
<li>The phone lines are only open during business hours, so potential clients can only gather information during that time. And if <em>they</em> have a job and their boss doesn't want them using the office phone for their own information-gathering, this can be a serious problem.</li>
<li>Frequently-asked questions tie up the phone lines as your secretary has to repeatedly answer the same question over and over.</li>
<li>The secretary, or whoever answers the phone, is human. If they provide bad or incomplete information, you can lose business. If the caller so much as perceives them as rude, you can lose business.</li>
</ul>
<p>Having a human answer the phone to answer questions is clearly a weak point in the information-gathering phase. Using a website for this phase provides many advantages:</p>
<ul>
<li>The website works 24/7, so your potential customers can gather information on their own time, after work.</li>
<li>The website provides standardized information that's easy to the owner to confirm. No wrong answers; no incomplete answers.</li>
</ul>
<p>Of course, a website can't answer <em>every</em> question. You'll still need someone to man the phones to answer specific questions about their specific problem. But if people are calling with the same questions, the website can do most of the heavy lifting.</p>
<p>I can't speak for everyone, but personally, I prefer to get information on a website. Making phone calls is just not very fun. If I already know, from google, that a business will satisfy my needs at a good price, why would I go through the hassle of calling around?</p>
<h2>Websites for brand recognition</h2>
<p>The brand-recognition phase of a digital marketing strategy is search engine optimization (SEO). This is the art and science of getting your site on Google's search results page. I wrote a post about <a href="/posts/2021/04/09/how-search-engines-rank-results/">How search engines rank results</a>, but to summarize, Google &quot;prefers&quot; websites that are clean, fast, secure, well-organized, and convey useful information.</p>
<p>That's why a website that provides information for potential customers actually performs double-duty:</p>
<ul>
<li>Customers find the information they need without having to call</li>
<li>Google ranks the informative website higher in search results</li>
</ul>
<p>Here at SLV IT, our <a href="/services/websites">websites</a> are purpose-built to do both these jobs. These websites are simple, but they provide both stages of a complete digital marketing strategy.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Multi-vector SEO</h1>
<time datetime="2021-04-14">14 Apr 2021</time><a href="/tags/seo/" class="post-tag">seo</a>
<p>Before Google, there were phone books. They were big paperback books with thin pages. They contained lists of phone numbers. They were always yellow for some reason. If you needed, say, a web designer, you'd look under &quot;w&quot; and there would be a list of web design companies with their phone number and address.</p>
<p>Phonebooks have been superseded by websearch, as have dictionaries and encyclopedias. Google, in their quest to provide the most relevant results, tracks the results that searchers click on and puts those results higher. This helps the best sites get to the top.</p>
<p>So instead of exclusively publishing content about a business, we write content about the industry in general. This demonstrates to Google that you have an informative website, providing value to internet searchers. Google, in turn, will promote your site for business searches too.</p>
<p>For example, if you run a septic pumping company, you will only be able to write so much content about how well your company can pump sludge. And your site will only show up in searches for it directly. This is single-vector SEO. However, you can put up content about new septic tank innovations, how-to articles on how to cast your own septic tank, or stories about the world's largest septic tank. This kind of content isn't about your company at all, but it is informative. It draws traffic to your site from various google searches: you're advertising across multiple search vectors.</p>
<p>Providing this keyword-based content shows Google that you are providing a good website for their users and raises your search rankings across all queries. I wrote more about <a href="/posts/2021/04/09/how-search-engines-rank-results/">how Google ranks results</a> in a previous post.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Adding videos to eleventy pages</h1>
<time datetime="2021-04-16">16 Apr 2021</time><a href="/tags/websites/" class="post-tag">websites</a>
<p>We use <a href="https://www.11ty.dev/">eleventy static site generator</a> for <a href="/services/websites">our static websites</a>. It's a highly flexible and modular static site generator.</p>
<p>For example, adding a video to a page can be done with template shortcodes. This is the code in this site's <code>.eleventy.js</code> (added after the return statement).</p>
<pre><code>// Video shortcode
eleventyConfig.addShortcode('vid', (videoName) =&gt; `
&lt;video controls width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
&lt;source src=&quot;${videoName}&quot; type=&quot;video/${videoName.split('.').pop()}&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;${videoName}&quot;&gt;${videoName}&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/video&gt;`)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we can drop this block into any page to add a video:</p>
<pre><code>{% vid 'lightning.mp4' %}
</code></pre>
<p>And the result generated on the page looks like this:</p>
<video controls width="100%">
<source src="lightning.mp4" type="video/mp4">
<a href="lightning.mp4">lightning.mp4</a>
</video>
<p>Neat. We can do the same thing for youtube videos. Put this in <code>.elventy.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code>// Youtube shortcode
eleventyConfig.addShortcode('yt', (shortCode) =&gt; `
&lt;iframe width=&quot;100%&quot;
height=&quot;400vh&quot;
src=&quot;https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/${shortCode}&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot;
allow=&quot;accelerometer;autoplay;clipboard-write;encrypted-media; gyroscope;picture-in-picture&quot;
allowfullscreen&gt;
&lt;/iframe&gt;`)
</code></pre>
<p>And then put this on any page, replacing <code>3DaRrmEPvYs</code> with your video's shortcode. That's the part in the youtube video URL after the <code>v=</code>. For example, this is for <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DaRrmEPvYs"><code>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DaRrmEPvYs</code></a></p>
<pre><code>{% yt '3DaRrmEPvYs' %}
</code></pre>
<p>And it comes out a little something like this:</p>
<iframe width="100%" height="400vh" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/3DaRrmEPvYs" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay;clipboard-write;encrypted-media;picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Your professional UI is terrible and nobody likes it</h1>
<time datetime="2021-04-18">18 Apr 2021</time><a href="/tags/websites/" class="post-tag">websites</a><a href="/tags/marketing/" class="post-tag">marketing</a>
<p>I saw a reddit comment by an IT guy whose boss asked him to put up a warning about the site's cookies. The tech replied that this was unnecessary because the company doesn't do any work in the EU, and is not subject to the GDPR rules that would require it. The boss said he knew that, but he thought it would make the site to look &quot;more professional&quot;.</p>
<p>The IT worker convinced the boss to leave it, but I think about it all the time. Sometimes it feels like more complex UIs are a bandwagon that &quot;look professional&quot; but users actually hate. The vast majority of people don't know what cookies are except that you have to click accept for them. I actually know what they are and care about my privacy and even I think those messages are worthless. It's like UI trends are on a race to the bottom, with snakeoil digital marketing firms leading the charge.</p>
<h2>Misleading metrics</h2>
<p>One of the most-hated UI horrors is the newsletter signup popup. Market research (asking my friends) has confirmed that nobody actually likes those things. But they're wildly popular. Why? Marketing suits see that x% of users shown the popup will sign up and y% of people that see their newsletters will buy something. So they think that increasing those two numbers, however tiny they are, will squeeze out a little more sales.</p>
<p>I'm not so convinced of causation between x and y in this case. I help my grandma with her computer and one of her common complaints is that her inbox is full of junk and she can't find her actual emails. It's because when she sees one of those popups on a website, it asks for her email so she puts her email in. I am convinced that increased sales from your trashy UI are mostly from lost grandmas on the internet. It's not ok.</p>
<p>My grandma also told me she was getting charged for something called <em>Amazon Prime</em> and she didn't know what that was. Anyone that's ever used Amazon knows that you have to navigate a mess of suggested products, wait for several stages of spinning yellow wheels, and dodge constant messaging to sign up for Prime. The last page before payment is a bunch of small text explaining what prime is, followed by a small link that says &quot;No thanks&quot; and a huge yellow button that says &quot;YES I WANT FREE SHIPPING FOR 30 DAYS&quot;. My Grandma did the right thing, to get the charges reversed, but probably x% of Grandmas don't and Amazon withdraws their money every month until they complain and dispute it. It's downright scammy behavior that preys on unsaavy users like my Grandma, but Amazon knows that it's profitable and they have the metrics to prove it.</p>
<h2>Simple UIs are better anyway</h2>
<p>Having a simple, text-based UI might not look &quot;professional&quot;, but users actually like using it. Scripts that direct popups at users, track their mouse movements, or flash animations aren't just intrusive; they bog your site down and add to its complexity. That makes it harder and more expensive to maintain. This is especially true if your site's APIs are based on a third party that can alter their pricing as they see fit. On the other hand, a <a href="/services/websites">simple website</a> with minimal dependencies can last decades with little to no maintenance. Craigslist is a great example of a simple UI. Everyone likes using Craigslist; it loads fast and is easy to use.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Adding a small weather widget to a website</h1>
<time datetime="2021-04-21">21 Apr 2021</time><a href="/tags/websites/" class="post-tag">websites</a>
<p>One of my favorite weather APIs, <a href="https://wttr.in/">wttr.in</a> serves up a simple, text-based weather applet and forecast that you can even view in a terminal.</p>
<p>They also generate PNG images of current conditions. For example, this is the weather in Antonito, Colorado right now:</p>
<p><img src="https://wttr.in/Antonito,%20Colorado_0pq_transparency=200.png" alt="https://wttr.in/Antonito,Colorado"></p>
<p>This weather data is pulled from an external API (<a href="http://wttr.in">wttr.in</a>), which means that the image is not served by this website. After all the content on this page loads, that image is generated off-site and inserted into the page when you load it. That's how we achieve lightning-fast page load times <em>and</em> display realtime data.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Hosting locally for speed and security</h1>
<time datetime="2021-04-26">26 Apr 2021</time><a href="/tags/hosting/" class="post-tag">hosting</a><a href="/tags/websites/" class="post-tag">websites</a>
<p>People often confuse the web and the internet. The web is all the websites served over the internet with http. The internet is the global network of computers that enables this.</p>
<p>Email is an example of an internet technology separate from the web. In the last 15 years, email has turned from a distributed network protocol to a service offered by a few tech giants. But it wasn't always like this. Up to the early 2000's, it was common to have an email address from your local ISP, company, or school. All your emails were hosted locally. If you had a problem or needed help, you could talk to your IT guy. These were the good days.</p>
<p>Now, almost all emails go through servers run by Google and Microsoft. There are two main problems with this centralization:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Privacy</strong> Google is an ad company, and profits by collecting data about you to sell to advertisers. There's a reason their email service is free; it's because they make enough revenue from selling your data.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Security</strong> Having most of the world's emails on one company's servers means there's a single attack vector for all that private data. The recent Microsoft Exchange hacks (<a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/03/tens-of-thousands-of-us-organizations-hit-in-ongoing-microsoft-exchange-hack/">Ars Technica, March 2021</a>) demonstrate that even tech giants can't be trusted to keep their products secure.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>One final advantage of local hosting is increased speed and reliability. By keeping your services on servers that are physically near your location, they load faster and stay up through outages elsewhere in the country.</p>
<p>We at SLV IT offer affordable local hosting and support for websites, email, and other <a href="/services">services</a>.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>AI-powered content writing</h1>
<time datetime="2021-05-18">18 May 2021</time><a href="/tags/seo/" class="post-tag">seo</a><a href="/tags/marketing/" class="post-tag">marketing</a>
<p><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165"><strong>GPT</strong></a> is neural network language model used to generate text. At times, it can produce uncannily human-like writing, as in this example, which I generated from this pages meta-description using gpt2:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Modern algorithms can generate text that looks human-generated. How will SEO be affected?</strong> Well, it's hard to say for sure, as it's impossible to know how much human input goes into the creation of an algorithm. However, we do know that, in addition to the time and effort taken by human editors and designers, the average human spends anywhere from 40-50 hours creating a single web page. And, most importantly, as many as half the web page is written in plain English.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Sure, it is fluffy and doesn't make any sense, but it would be very hard for another algorithm, such a a web crawler, to tell if it was written by a human or an AI.</p>
<p><a href="/posts/2021/04/09/how-search-engines-rank-results/">Search engines rank results</a> in no small part based on the text on that webpage and how &quot;relevant&quot; it is. Since Google's algorithm attempts to ignore useless text like keyword stuffing, it will likely also start detecting computer-generated text. Otherwise, AI-generated articles will become the new keyword stuffing.</p>
<p>I'm not sure how search engines attempt to determine computer-generated garbage from quality content. One method could be to track the behavior of searchers to try to determine which sites were the most helpful in solving the query (for example, which site did the searcher visit last? Maybe they found the answer they were looking for there.)</p>
<p>In any case, using an AI like GPT might be effective in generating content to boost search results, but since the content is not actually useful to the searcher, search engines are likely to start punishing this behavior with lower rankings, if they haven't already.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Best practices for secure rsync backups</h1>
<time datetime="2021-07-19">19 Jul 2021</time><a href="/tags/security/" class="post-tag">security</a><a href="/tags/sysadmin/" class="post-tag">sysadmin</a>
<p>If we've learned anything from the massive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OVHcloud#Incidents">OVHCloud fire</a> and recent <a href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/jul/18/not-just-money-ransomware-growing-political-threat/">rise of ransomware attacks</a>, it's that backups can no longer be left as an afterthought. When done right, backup systems can be done quickly without compromising security. When done wrong, and they often are, backup systems can fail to protect their hosts in an incident.</p>
<h1>Incremental backups ftw</h1>
<p>After a machine is fully backed up, subsequent backups can either repeat the full backup <em>or</em> back up only what's changed. This latter type is called an <strong>incremental backup</strong>. If very little has changed since the last backup, this can dramatically reduce the time and bandwidth costs of running the backup. Running full backups on a moderately-sized server can be so resource-intensive that backups are only performed weekly or monthly. However, losing a week or month of work can be devastating. Using incremental backups makes it economical to run them more frequently: daily or every few hours even.</p>
<p><strong>rsync</strong> is a powerful command-line remote sync utility. It performs incremental backups by checking the hashes and modification times of files on the disk. Rsync is well-vetted and trusted open-source technology. It's all we need for a sophisticated system, without relying on bulky third-party backup software that could leave the system open to supply-chain attacks.</p>
<h1>Hardware</h1>
<p>It may be tempting to use your existing infrastructure for backups, but it's well worthwhile to dedicate a separate machine for this purpose. Imagine having two servers that need to be backed up, so your I.T. department backs them up to each other. If one server is breached in a ransomware attack, the attackers will have access to the backups of the second server. This backup could contain information like keyfiles and passwords that is then used to infect the second server with the same ransomware.</p>
<p>Servers with public-facing services are the most vulnerable, because each public website and mailserver provides an attack vector for zero-day exploits. And since our backups contain secrets, they need to be kept in an environment with top security. This can be done by using a dedicated device with the highest level of security. This machine should be heavily firewalled from the internet and should have no ports open.</p>
<p>The backup server can be hosted on a cloud, however it's much cheaper and more secure to self-host. Cloud hosts tend to over charge for large amounts of storage. It's much more economical to run SSD storage on locally-hosted bare metal. Since there are no public services on the backup server, it can be securely hosted on a local network without opening ports. Single board computers like the Raspberry Pi, or even an old laptop with a few SSDs plugged in can host large amounts of storage with very low overhead.</p>
<h1>Access</h1>
<p>To ensure that the backup server is safe from network traversal, we'll limit user access to it to the administrators. <strong>Not even the backed-up devices should have access to the backup server</strong>. Imagine that a public-facing server is breached and the data is ransomed. If that server has access to the backup server, the backups can be accessed and deleted by the attackers. Without the backups, the data can't be restored without paying the hackers.</p>
<p>The simple way to prevent this is to run the backups backwards. That is, instead of commanding the public-facing server to <em>send</em> its files to the backup server, the backup server will access the public-facing one and <em>retrieve</em> them. That is, the backup server has access to the public-facing server, but not the other way around.</p>
<h1>Preliminary hardening</h1>
<p>So, we will set up a local dedicated machine with large storage drives. The drives can be luks-encrypted for extra security. For this example, we will be using two debian machines. We'll use the <code>root</code> user on the backup server, which we'll call <code>bkp</code>. The public-facing server, <code>srv</code> needs to have its <code>/srv</code> directory backed up. We'll store it on <code>bkp</code> in the directory, <code>/mnt/ssd/srv</code>. We will use the <code>backup</code> account on <code>srv</code>. This user comes with debian systems or can be created with <code>sudo useradd backup</code>.</p>
<p>On debian, the default <code>backup</code> user has its shell set to <code>/sbin/nologin</code>. We need to change that to a real shell for rsync to work.</p>
<pre><code>root@srv:~ # usermod -s /bin/sh backup
</code></pre>
<p>Next, we need the <code>root</code> user on <code>bkp</code> to be able to log in with ssh as the <code>backup</code> user on <code>srv</code>. This should be done with public key auth and <code>PasswordAuthentication</code> should be turned off in <code>srv</code>'s ssh daemon configuration. These things are outside the scope of this article but easy to find online.</p>
<p>For something as vital as a backup server, it's a good idea to implement additional security layers, like single packet authentication or whitelisting a VPN subnet. This is also outside the scope of this article.</p>
<h1>Permissions</h1>
<p>For fine-grained control, we're going to use access control lists on the server. First, install them:</p>
<pre><code>root@srv:~ # apt install acl
</code></pre>
<p>Next, we'll take specify that <code>backup</code> user has no access to anything on the entire filesystem:</p>
<pre><code>root@srv:~ # setfacl -d -R -m user:backup:0 / 2&gt;/dev/null
</code></pre>
<p>Then, we can give it read-only access to the directories we want backed up.</p>
<pre><code>root@srv:~ # find /srv -type d -exec setfacl -d -m user:backup:5 {} \;
root@srv:~ # find /srv -type f -exec setfacl -m user:backup:4 {} \;
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>backup</code> user needs to be able to run its own shell, as well as rsync (and, notably, nothing else!) We'll set this by simply removing the ACL from those files.</p>
<pre><code>root@srv:~ # setfacl -bn $(which rsync)
root@srv:~ # setfacl -bn $(which sh)
</code></pre>
<p>SSH and gpg private keys need to be accessible by the owner <em>only</em> or those programs won't accept them. So we'll have trouble if the <code>backup</code> user can read them. Remove the ACLs from these files too to prevent this.</p>
<pre><code>root@srv:~ # setfacl -bn /etc/ssh/*_key
root@srv:~ # setfacl -bn /home/*/.ssh/id_*
root@srv:~ # setfacl -R -bn /etc/apt/trusted.gpg*
root@srv:~ # setfacl -R -bn /root/.gnupg
root@srv:~ # setfacl -R -bn /home/*/.gnupg
</code></pre>
<p>This means ssh and gpg keys won't be backed up and will need to backed up separately.</p>
<p>If docker is running, you'll also need to remove the ACLs from the docker root directory. Otherwise, new containers will inherit the ACLs from the host machine and can star <a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/issues/1069#issuecomment-882762024">throwing permissions errors</a>.</p>
<pre><code>root@srv:~ # docker info | grep &quot;Docker Root Dir&quot;
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
root@srv:~ # setfacl -R -d -bn /var/lib/docker
</code></pre>
<p>Then again you might need to backup your docker volumes. In this case, reapply the ACL to the volumes directory:</p>
<pre><code>root@srv:~ # find /var/lib/docker/volumes -type d -exec setfacl -d -m user:backup:5 {} \;
root@srv:~ # find /var/lib/docker/volumes -type f -exec setfacl -m user:backup:4 {} \;
</code></pre>
<p>That should do it. If you get permission-denied errors anywhere, remove the ACL as above and check that <code>backup</code> has access there as needed.</p>
<h1>Initial backup</h1>
<p>Now we're ready to run the initial backup. Use <code>-vv</code> and <code>-e 'ssh -vv'</code> with your rsync command if debugging is necessary.</p>
<pre><code>root@bkp:~ # rsync -aXvz --delete srv:/srv/ /mnt/ssd/srv
</code></pre>
<p>Don't forget the trailing slash in <code>srv:/srv/</code>! If you exclude it, the directory itself will be copied over as <code>/mnt/ssd/srv/srv</code>.</p>
<h1>Hardening</h1>
<p>Once the initial backup has completed, we will set the server to restrict what the backup user can do on its side. Well <code>backup</code> can only run <code>sh</code> and <code>rsync</code> already, but we don't want it to be able to try anything funny with sh. So we can restrict the user to a single command. First we need to find out that command is. Not the one that we run on <code>bkp</code>, but the one that is executed on <code>srv</code>'s end.</p>
<p>This is actually not too hard. We just need the verbose output from ssh on the server-side. Get it by adding <code>-e 'ssh -v'</code>:</p>
<pre><code>root@bkp:~ # rsync -aXvz --delete srv:/srv/ /mnt/ssd/srv
</code></pre>
<p>This will produce a lot of output. Find the line that looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>debug1: Sending command: rsync --server -vlogDtprz --delete . /srv
</code></pre>
<p>You can cancel the backup once that output is acquired, but you can also let it run to completion if you want. It should go run as an incremental sync and be dramatically faster than the initial backup.</p>
<p>This command can be put in our <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> on <code>srv</code>. We'll put it in a match block that only applies to the <code>backup</code> user. This will restrict that user to only be able to run that one command through ssh.</p>
<pre><code>...
# Limit backups to rsync
Match User backup
ForceCommand rsync --server --sender -vlogDtprz . /srv
X11Forwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding no
</code></pre>
<p>What if a clever hacker figures out how to log in with <code>backup</code>'s ssh key, but not as the <code>backup</code> user? We can actually restrict the keypair to this command too. Modify the line in <code>~backup/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> to include the restrictions before the public key:</p>
<pre><code>command=&quot;rsync --server --sender -vlogDtprz . /srv&quot;,no-pty,no-port-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1y... root@bkp
</code></pre>
<h1>Automation</h1>
<p>Our system is working as intended now, but we're not done yet. We now have to automate the process using systemd. This can be done in a number of different ways using our working rsync command. At the most basic, that rsync command can be dropped into a new <code>backup.service</code> file like this:</p>
<pre><code>[Unit]
Description=Pull backups from srv
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/rsync -aXz --delete srv:/srv/ /mnt/ssd/srv
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</code></pre>
<p>Then, you can run backups with <code>systemctl start backup</code>. Neat. Now we can add the service to a new <code>backup.timer</code> to have it run automatically:</p>
<pre><code>[Unit]
Description=Pull backups tuesdays at 1am
[Timer]
OnCalendar=tuesday *-*-* 01:00:00
Persistent=true
Unit=backup.service
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</code></pre>
<p>Don't forget to enable the service on boot with <code>systemctl enable backup.timer</code>!</p>
<h1>Monitoring</h1>
<p>Next, some service monitors must be configured. This is not optional: there are many stories of sysadmins needing to restore backups after an incident, only to find that the backup service threw an error years ago and hasn't run since! We need to be notified when our backups stop backing up.</p>
<p>An good way to get these notifications is by email. Laeffe at Northern Light Labs wrote a great article on <a href="https://northernlightlabs.se/2014-07-05/systemd-status-mail-on-unit-failure.html">how to set up a systemd service to email you if another service fails</a>. You can even have the error logs piped into the email.</p>
<h1>Redundancy</h1>
<p>As a last step, get another backup server and repeat all these steps again on it. We need to have two copies of our backup, just in case a catastrophe wipes out one of them with the original data. It's not unheard of. The two backups should be geographically isolated from each other, if possible.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>What is open source and who cares?</h1>
<time datetime="2021-10-01">01 Oct 2021</time><a href="/tags/software/" class="post-tag">software</a><a href="/tags/sysadmin/" class="post-tag">sysadmin</a>
<p>Most applications on your phone and computer are executable files (aka binary files). They were written in code by software developers, but once that code has been converted into an executable, it can't be converted back into code. Most software is installed like this, which means the user can not change it.</p>
<h2>Open source licenses</h2>
<p>When developers release the source code along with (or instead of) executable files, it's called <strong>open-source software</strong>. There are actually several open-source licenses that can more or less restrict usage of the software. Any creative work (not just software) can be released under an range of licenses:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>All rights reserved</strong> means the creator keeps copyright over the creative work. These works are not considered open source. This is usually designated with a copyright symbol, but doesn't have to be. <em>All creative works default to all rights reserved by the creator unless another license is specified.</em> That is, unless a creator specifies a work as open source, it isn't!</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Restrictive open source licenses</strong> such as GPL, Apache, and some creative commons licenses restrict the use of released works, such as only permitting non-commercial use, or requiring attribution to the original source. Sometimes, non-commercial licenses are not considered open source[1].</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Nonrestrictive open source licenses</strong> such as the MIT or <a href="http://www.wtfpl.net/about/">WTFPL</a> licenses have less restrictive clauses. They're only a step above public domain.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Public domain</strong> means <em>no</em> rights are reserved by anyone. Public domain works are free to use, distribute, sell, etc. They're free to the public. Copyright holders lose their copyright 100 years after their death. At that point, the copyright is said to expire and the work is automatically released into the public domain.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Advantages</h2>
<p>Open Source Software (OSS) is free, which is an advantage by axiom. But OSS shines in other ways too.</p>
<p>Many OSS projects were created by companies and individuals that had a need for a program or feature that wasn't widely available. Since these needs are often shared, other companies and individuals may start using the project. Some of them will have the know-how to detect security flaws, make bug fixes, and add features to the project. Users of commercial software are dependent on the vendor for this work, whereas OSS users rely on other users. For large projects, this army of users and contributors can outperform the work of a large company in supporting their software.</p>
<p>The result of all this is better software quality and higher security. More eyes are on the project, which is naturally also available to security researchers, students, and white-hat hackers. This provides a notable defense against supply chain attacks like the Solar Winds hacks[2].</p>
<hr>
<p>[1] <strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source#Open-source_license">Wikipedia: Open Source</a>:</strong> <em>&quot;Licenses which only permit non-commercial redistribution or modification of the source code for personal use only are generally not considered as open-source licenses.&quot;</em> (Retrieved: 2021-10-01)</p>
<p>[2] <strong><a href="https://www.rpc.senate.gov/policy-papers/the-solarwinds-cyberattack">U.S. Senate: The SolarWinds Cyberattack</a></strong> <em>&quot;It is an example of a digital supply chain attack, in which hackers insert malicious code into trusted third-party software, thus infecting potentially all of the hacked companys customers.&quot;</em></p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Attack surface reduction for the layperson</h1>
<time datetime="2021-11-12">12 Nov 2021</time><a href="/tags/security/" class="post-tag">security</a><a href="/tags/vpn/" class="post-tag">vpn</a>
<p>It is well-known in the security industry that cyberattacks happen in multiple stages. The first stages are reconnaissance and scanning: searching for a viable target and probing the target for vulnerabilities. These vulns could be known (but not yet implemented), or they could be new vulns called 0-day exploits. Whether the exploit is known or not, attackers must first find exploitable machines.</p>
<p>Reconnaissance often starts with a port scan of a potential target. A typical port scan might look like this:</p>
<pre><code>Nmap scan report for slvit.us (170.249.216.138)
Host is up (0.052s latency).
Other addresses for slvit.us (not scanned): 2600:4c00:200:254::138
rDNS record for 170.249.216.138: atl.slvit.us
Not shown: 996 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
PORT STATE SERVICE
25/tcp open smtp
53/tcp open domain
80/tcp open http
443/tcp open https
587/tcp open submission
993/tcp open imaps
995/tcp open pop3s
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 5.08 seconds
</code></pre>
<p>This shows a list of open ports, and the services that are likely to be listening on them. <strong>Ports</strong> are internet communication channels used to direct traffic to the correct program on the server. <code>80</code> and <code>443</code> are for our website server. <code>53</code> serves our domain name. All of the other ports go to our mailserver. You might recognize some of these numbers if you've ever set up a mail client like Thunderbird. SMTP (<code>25</code>) is used to receive mail from the outside world. IMAPS and POP3 are used to retrieve incoming mail from the server to your mail client. Finally, <code>587</code> sends our outgoing mail to the world.</p>
<p>Each of these open ports is a gateway from the public internet into a program running on the server. For example, the IMAP port 993 connects to our mailserver agent, dovecot. You can send your login info to that port and it will send back your emails. But maybe hackers figure out how to send code to dovecot through port 993? Maybe the code causes dovecot to spill out its emails without the correct login information.</p>
<p>When vulns in the dovecot program are discovered, they are fixed by its developers and the fixes are installed during system updates. But what if our dovecot unknowingly fell out of date? And what if hackers discover the vuln first and exploit it as a 0-day? Clearly, no internet-facing services are safe!</p>
<p>What we can do, however, is limit the number of open ports that hackers can scan for vulns. This can be done by reconfiguring the machine's firewall. Here is a scan on the same server with most of the mailserver ports blocked:</p>
<pre><code>Nmap scan report for slvit.us (170.249.216.138)
Host is up (0.052s latency).
Other addresses for slvit.us (not scanned): 2600:4c00:200:254::138
rDNS record for 170.249.216.138: atl.slvit.us
Not shown: 996 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
PORT STATE SERVICE
25/tcp open smtp
53/tcp open domain
80/tcp open http
443/tcp open https
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 5.08 seconds
</code></pre>
<p>The only mailserver port still open is 25, used to receive mail from the internet. The ports to retrieve mail and send mail are now closed. The effect is twofold: the hacker cannot know that a service is running on the other ports <em>and</em> the hacker cannot send exploit code to those services (if the services' existence was suspected). So the service has effectively disappeared to the outside world.</p>
<p>This is great so long as you don't need to check your email from the outside world. Blocking those ports means they're blocked for you too. So the firewall must be configured such that access is limited and not blocked off. It's easy to do this for computers on a local network: for example, access can be granted exclusively to IP addresses of the computers in the office. This is effective but doesn't work for, for example, mobile phones, which rotate IP addresses as they move around.</p>
<p>The best way to block public access to services while still granting it to specific devices is with a Virtual Private Network (<a href="/services/hardware/vpn">VPN</a>). This acts as a virtual LAN, making devices around the world appear to be in the same office. Then the firewall can easily limit access to sensitive services to devices on the VPN. As an added bonus, the VPN will E2E encrypt all data between the service and user, providing added protection against tracking and man-in-the-middle attacks.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>What&#39;s the best antivirus software?</h1>
<time datetime="2022-10-03">03 Oct 2022</time><a href="/tags/software/" class="post-tag">software</a><a href="/tags/security/" class="post-tag">security</a>
<p>The question in the title of this post is very common, but finding an answer is surprisingly difficult. That's because if you search for an answer online, all the results will be blog posts by the usual suspects: Norton, Avast, Kaspersky, etc. They will all say that you absolutely need antivirus, and theirs is the best. This marketing is effective because it uses <em>fear</em> as a motivator. They will tell you that without their program, you will get hacked and have your identity stolen. This deception is highly profitable for these companies, who bill customers on a subscription model and provide little to no protection in return.</p>
<h2>What is malware?</h2>
<p>Most people use the terms &quot;virus&quot; and &quot;malware&quot; interchangeable. In fact, viruses are a specific category of malware. Because colloquial convention treats the terms as synonyms, this article will too. That said, <strong>malware</strong> is any software that does a bad thing, or a thing the user doesn't want it to do. There are many types of malware. Here are some examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyware"><strong>Spyware</strong></a> tracks your activity and sends it to the malware creator. This could be targeted stalking, but more often it collects user data en masse so it can be sold to third-parties.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adware"><strong>Adware</strong></a> injects ads on your computer. When you see the ads, the malware-maker gets paid.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scareware"><strong>Scareware</strong></a> scares users into buying software they don't need.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Cryptominers</strong> use a computer's CPU to generate cryptocurrency. This extra load on your CPU dramatically slows down your computer. The malware-maker collects the cryptocurrency and sells it for a profit.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Antivirus doesn't protect you against viruses</h2>
<p>This runs contrary to anti-virus companies' marketing, which would lead you to believe that their software is a silver bullet against viruses. &quot;I can't get a virus because I have anti-virus,&quot; I often hear people say. They couldn't be further from the truth.</p>
<p>The fact is, antivirus software has a very limited reach in cleaning your computer. There are a whole slew of techniques that virus-makers employ to evade detection. The author intended to list a few examples here, but found that there were <em>a lot</em> and most of them beyond comprehension of the layperson. Therefore, <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=antivirus+evasion">searching online for &quot;antivirus evasion&quot;</a> shall be left as an exercise for the reader.</p>
<p>There is essentially an arms race between antivirus companies and virus creators. The antivirus companies find a new way to detect viruses and the virus makers develop new techniques to evade detection. The unfortunate reality is that the hackers are winning, and always have been. That is to say, even a half-sophisticated virus will evade detection, and only the most pathetic novice-built malware will be deleted in an antivirus scan.</p>
<h2>Antivirus software can harm your computer</h2>
<p>You may think that if your antivirus software has even a slim chance of detecting and eliminating a virus, that's better than nothing. Unfortunately, there are countless examples of anti-malware being wholly detrimental to your computer.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Kaspersky</strong>'s ties to the Russian FSB led to its being <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspersky_bans_and_allegations_of_Russian_government_ties">banned by the US Department of Homeland Security</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Avast</strong> was revealed to be <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avast#Collection_and_sale_of_user_data">collecting and selling user data</a> in a 2020 investigation.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Norton</strong> and <strong>Avira</strong> actually <a href="https://krebsonsecurity.com/2022/01/500m-avira-antivirus-users-introduced-to-cryptomining/">bundle cryptominers</a> with their product.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Based on the previous description of different types of malware, an astute reader may realize that even the most trusted, big-name antivirus software, <em>are</em> actually malware in sheep's clothing. These are just examples of antivirus malware that is known to the public. As a user, it's impossible to tell if your antivirus is acting nefariously or not.</p>
<p>The programs listed above are all well-known and trusted examples antivirus software. If we consider the lesser-known software, the situation is even bleaker. There are endless <em>fake</em> antivirus programs that don't contain any antivirus at all, and instead infect your computer with actual viruses. They are so common that it's impossible to list them all, but probably the best-known example is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpySheriff">SpySheriff</a>.</p>
<h2>How can I <em>actually</em> protect my PC against viruses</h2>
<p>The author is not the sort to present problems without offering solutions! It may sound obtuse to declare it, but the best way to protect your computer from viruses is to avoid infection in the first place. In fact, considering the ever-evolving evasion techniques mentioned above, this is the <em>only</em> way to protect your PC.</p>
<p>To prevent infection, one must consider how infections happen in the first place. There are two main vectors of attack:</p>
<ul>
<li>Hackers discover software vulnerabilities and exploit them to infect a machine</li>
<li>Hackers trick the user into installing software that contains a virus</li>
</ul>
<p>Let us consider each of these vectors individually.</p>
<h3>Software vulnerabilities</h3>
<p>When vulnerabilities are discovered by software-makers, they fix (or &quot;patch&quot;) the problem and distribute the patch through software updates. There is always the chance that a hacker discovers a vulnerability before anyone else, and may exploit it at will until it is fixed. These vulnerabilities are called <strong>zero-day vulnerabilities</strong> or simply <strong>zero-days</strong> because zero days have passed since the vuln's discovery.</p>
<p>This sounds grim, but the good news is that most vulnerabilities are discovered and patched by the &quot;good guys&quot; before they can be exploited by hackers. As a user, all you have to do to protect yourself from software bugs is to regularly install software updates. This sounds obvious, but the number of major hacks involving already-fixed vulnerabilities is astounding.</p>
<p>For example, the one of the largest cyberattacks in history was the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack">2017 WannaCry Ransomware attack</a>. This hack infected more than 200,000 computers in a few hours before it was stopped (and many more <em>would</em> have been infected otherwise). How many of these computers had their software updates installed? None, of course, because the hack relied on a vulnerability that had been fixed two months prior. That is, all you had to do to protect your computer from this hack was to dutifully install your software updates.</p>
<h3>Getting the user to install the virus</h3>
<p>&quot;Well, I would never install a virus!&quot; you might say. Of course, you would never <em>knowingly</em> install a virus. However, anytime you install an untrusted program, it could contain a virus.</p>
<p>Let's say you have some task to perform on your PC, such as cropping a photo or combining two PDFs into one. If your computer doesn't already have a program to do so, you need to install one. So maybe you go online and search for &quot;crop a photo&quot; or &quot;combine PDFs&quot;. The search results will have numerous legitimate-looking websites offering a free or paid download of a program that performs the needed task. You download one and find that it works in the way you expect it to.</p>
<p>Yet, behind the scenes, the same program may <em>also</em> be mining cryptocurrency or collecting your data. So how can you tell that the program you installed is benign? If the program's code is proprietary, there's simply no way to tell. On the other hand, if the software's code is publicly available, you can simply look under the hood and read the code and <em>know</em> what that program does. This type of software is called &quot;<strong>open-source</strong>&quot; because the source code is public. This is opposed to &quot;<strong>closed-source</strong>&quot; programs, which have private code and can't be independently audited.</p>
<h2>Open-source software to the rescue!</h2>
<p>In conclusion, there are three ways you, as a user, can protect your machine against malware:</p>
<ul>
<li>Get rid of your anti-virus</li>
<li>Regularly install software updates</li>
<li>Only use open-source software</li>
</ul>
<p>Windows and MacOS are closed-source operating systems, and most of the software available for them is closed-source too. <strong>Linux</strong> is a free, open-source operating system and has a plethora of free, open-source programs that a user can install guilt-free from the app store. Linux is also faster and less buggy than its proprietary alternatives. So what are you waiting for? SLVIT has many affordable Linux computers for sale, or we can install Linux on your existing computer. That way you can sleep easy knowing your computer isn't doing anything you don't want it to.</p>
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<time class="postlist-date" datetime="2022-10-03">03 Oct 2022</time>
<a href="/posts/2022/10/03/whats-the-best-antivirus/" class="postlist-link">What&#39;s the best antivirus software?</a>
<a href="/tags/software/" class="post-tag">software</a>
<a href="/tags/security/" class="post-tag">security</a>
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<blockquote>It may surprise you to learn that there are better ways to protect your PC.</blockquote>
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<time class="postlist-date" datetime="2021-11-12">12 Nov 2021</time>
<a href="/posts/2021/11/12/attack-surface-reduction-for-the-layperson/" class="postlist-link">Attack surface reduction for the layperson</a>
<a href="/tags/security/" class="post-tag">security</a>
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<blockquote>Using a properly-configured firewall, we can block private services from being accessed from the public internet</blockquote>
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<time class="postlist-date" datetime="2021-10-01">01 Oct 2021</time>
<a href="/posts/2021/10/01/what-is-open-source/" class="postlist-link">What is open source and who cares?</a>
<a href="/tags/software/" class="post-tag">software</a>
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<blockquote>See what FOSS is and why it&#39;s better than proprietary software in many cases.</blockquote>
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<time class="postlist-date" datetime="2021-07-19">19 Jul 2021</time>
<a href="/posts/2021/07/19/secure-rsync-backups/" class="postlist-link">Best practices for secure rsync backups</a>
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<blockquote>Poorly-implemented backup systems can fail when they&#39;re needed most. But by avoiding common mistakes, we can deploy a backup server that is both fast and bulletproof.</blockquote>
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<time class="postlist-date" datetime="2021-05-18">18 May 2021</time>
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<blockquote>Modern algorithms can generate text that looks human-generated. How will SEO be affected?</blockquote>
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<time class="postlist-date" datetime="2021-04-26">26 Apr 2021</time>
<a href="/posts/2021/04/26/hosting-locally-for-speed-and-security/" class="postlist-link">Hosting locally for speed and security</a>
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<blockquote>The centralization of the internet has only created monopolies and walled gardens.</blockquote>
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<blockquote>It&#39;s trivial to drop a widget anywhere onto a page, which shows the weather at your location</blockquote>
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<time class="postlist-date" datetime="2021-04-18">18 Apr 2021</time>
<a href="/posts/2021/04/18/your-professional-ui-is-terrible/" class="postlist-link">Your professional UI is terrible and nobody likes it</a>
<a href="/tags/websites/" class="post-tag">websites</a>
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<blockquote>Websites are becoming bloated and it&#39;s turning the web into a garbage heap.</blockquote>
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<time class="postlist-date" datetime="2021-04-16">16 Apr 2021</time>
<a href="/posts/2021/04/16/adding-videos-to-eleventy-pages/" class="postlist-link">Adding videos to eleventy pages</a>
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<blockquote>How to embed video files or youtube into an eleventy site</blockquote>
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<blockquote>Providing information to visitors coming from one search vector boosts your rankings across all queries.</blockquote>
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<time class="postlist-date" datetime="2021-04-09">09 Apr 2021</time>
<a href="/posts/2021/04/09/two-stage-digital-marketing/" class="postlist-link">Two-stage digital marketing</a>
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<blockquote>Informative websites perform double duty. They&#39;re helpful to consumers and boost your search rankings.</blockquote>
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<time class="postlist-date" datetime="2021-04-09">09 Apr 2021</time>
<a href="/posts/2021/04/09/how-search-engines-rank-results/" class="postlist-link">How search engines rank results</a>
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<blockquote>Google has the daunting task of finding and ranking results for your search terms. How do they do this?</blockquote>
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<pre><code>obfs4 170.249.216.138:8443 1E6E21008C3355AAFE42B4680CB0F2B98795E656 cert=6qJV0TLN8K5mNXYVfMSRjMosQvrMcqiQgss4IXeUcvpz/eTGV69z6BkR4uDi39h8DOPyUA
obfs4 170.249.216.138:9713 1B9CCE9B3246EB90D92E2F40A7CC1610582E5050 cert=Ns8d9lUnLTiXImHgR/sQhC0jU033famMPGPFuDNZS1DWnj7cuOnRqDQnoBHD7fknv6daBQ
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Backups</h1>
<blockquote>
<p>Your computer has been compromised and its files encrypted. The only way to restore your files is to pay us 10btc or 100xmr. Send payments to the address below. You have three days.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>When a ransomware attack or hard drive failure strikes, you might find yourself wishing you could go back in time. Now you can, <em>with <strong>backups</strong></em>! Secure, frequent backups are vital to even the smallest operations, and not having them can be devastating. It's a mistake most of us make only once.</p>
<p>SLVIT offers fast and secure automatic backups. What's the point of having a backup for ransomware if hackers can delete them from a compromised machine? We isolate and firewall off our backup servers so your data can be restored from the most thorough malware infections.</p>
<p>If you're looking for general purpose network storage, check out our <a href="/services/hardware/nas/">NAS offerings</a>.</p>
<table>
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<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:right"></th>
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<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Backup of 100gb</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$20/month</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Data services</h1>
<p>SLVIT can not only help you with the storage or backing up of your data. We also &quot;massage&quot; data to fit your needs. What does that even mean? Read on.</p>
<h2>Data entry and parsing</h2>
<p><strong>Data entry</strong> is the act of copying data from paper documents or a legacy computer format into a new computer format. This may include scanning of old photos or documents, running character recognition software on the resulting scans, and/or adapting the data structure to fit in a new database.</p>
<p>Restructuring digital data from one format to another is called <strong>parsing</strong>. Sometimes conversion tools are available to convert one format into another. When they aren't, a custom script can be programmed to do this one-time conversion.</p>
<p>Data entry and parsing can be very slow when done by hand. Don't make the mistake of hiring a minimum wage worker to read data and type it into a new database by hand. With larger data sets, this can become prohibitively expensive. SLVIT can help you scan, recognize, parse, and/or convert your data quickly and economically.</p>
<h2>Data recovery</h2>
<p>When a hard drive or USB stick breaks or errors out, the data on it is not necessarily lost! It can often be recovered even if the hardware is permanently broken.</p>
<p>Sometimes a small filesystem error can brick a perfectly good device. With the right tools, the data from the drive can be cloned to a new drive. In many such cases, the original drive can be reformatted and reused. If you experience filesystem errors, don't reformat the drive! This will likely fix the problem but wipe all the data. Instead, bring the whole drive to a trusted data recovery expert like SLVIT.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>📠 Computer Hardware Services</h1>
<p>SLVIT offers a variety of computer services including repair, configuration, networking, NAS, and backups.</p>
<table>
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<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
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<td style="text-align:left"><a href="storage/"><strong>Cloud storage</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$10/100gb/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="networking/"><strong>Network configuration</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$contact/host</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="vpn/"><strong>Virtual Private Network (VPN)</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$contact/host/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="backups/"><strong>Backups</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$20/100gb/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="data/#data-entry-and-parsing"><strong>Data entry/parsing</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">contact</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="data/#data-recovery"><strong>Data recovery</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">contact</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Don't see what you need? <a href="/contact">Contact us</a> to discuss custom software or deployments.</p>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Network-Attached Storage</h1>
<p><strong>Network-Attached Storage (NAS)</strong> is computer data storage available over the internet, a local network, or <a href="/services/hardware/vpn">VPN</a>. NAS is flexible and can be used for anything. NAS can be configure to appear as an ordinary folder on multiple computers so files can be shared between users around the office or around the world.</p>
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<td style="text-align:left"><strong>NAS</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$0.05/GB/month</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Network/wifi configuration</h1>
<p>SLVIT can help you connect all the devices on your network.</p>
<ul>
<li>Physically splicing cables and connecting them to switches and routers</li>
<li>Long range and open-area wifi</li>
<li>Subnetting and IP address allocation</li>
<li>Firewalls and security hardening</li>
<li>Remote administration</li>
</ul>
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<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/networking/">Networking</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/vpn/">VPN</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/backups/">Backups</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/nas/">NAS</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/data/">Data</a></li>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Cloud Storage</h1>
<p><strong>Cloud storage</strong> or <strong>network attached storage (NAS)</strong> is a fileserver service allowing users to upload, download, and view arbitrary files over a network. The files can be accessed securely over a <a href="/services/hardware/vpn">VPN</a> or globally over the internet.</p>
<p>Files and databases in cloud storage can also be accessed as an API so the data can be injected or hosted on any website or app.</p>
<p>The difference between cloud storage and a full <a href="/services/hardware/backups">backup</a> solution is that backups include some kind of script to automate regular uploads to the NAS, ensuring data duplication.</p>
<table>
<thead>
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<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:right"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Cloud Storage</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$5/100gb/month</td>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Virtual Private Network</h1>
<p>A <strong>Virtual Private Network (VPN)</strong> is a networking service that makes connecting computers across the internet easier and more secure.</p>
<p>For two computers to transmit data over the internet, their local routers must be specifically configured for each service (email, websites, ftp, etc). Computers connected on a VPN appear to each other as if they were in the same room, meaning no configuration.</p>
<p>A separate, virtual network allows for more fine-tuned firewall rules. For example, traffic to services like <a href="/services/hosting/nextcloud/">groupware</a> can be blocked to the public internet, making them completely invisible. VPN-connected devices, however, can access the services from anywhere in the world over an end-to-end encrypted connection.</p>
<p>SLVIT uses Wireguard for its encrypted virtual networks. Wireguard is a state-of-the art vpn software with frequently-updated strong encryption suites. Its lightweight codebase ensures a smaller attack vector. This is also why wireguard <a href="https://www.wireguard.com/performance/">outperforms</a> other VPNs in benchmarks.</p>
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<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Discourse</span></li>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Discourse Forum Hosting</h1>
<p><a href="https://www.discourse.org/"><strong>Discourse</strong></a> is <a href="/posts/2021/10/01/what-is-open-source/">open-source</a> web forum software. There's nothing complicated about it; users can post titled &quot;threads&quot; and other users can reply in a discussion. Discourse offers lots of admin customizations and themes. There are also a variety of user settings, like avatars and reply notifications.</p>
<p>Since a picture is worth a thousand words, you can try the <a href="https://try.discourse.org/">demo</a> for free to see if it's what you're looking for. Our instances are locked in containers for security and can be served publicly or over a <a href="/services/hardware/vpn/">VPN</a> or internal network.</p>
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<thead>
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<th style="text-align:left"></th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Discourse hosting</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$45/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$450/year</td>
</tr>
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<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/nextcloud/">NextCloud</a></li>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Mailserver hosting</h1>
<p>Get emails @yourdomain.com. Our mailservers provide IMAP and SMTP support so you can read your messages in gmail, outlook, or any mail client.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:right"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Mailserver hosting</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$10/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$100/year</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Each mailserver is provided an unlimited number of users on an unlimited number of domains. The only restriction is mail storage: the first 100gb are included free. Additional storage can be purchased as <a href="/services/hardware/storage/">NAS</a>. <a href="/services/hardware/backups/">Backups</a> are also sold separately.</p>
<h2>Mail clients</h2>
<p><strong>Rainloop</strong> is a webmail client. It provides a simple interface for users to log in and access emails from a mailserver. Mail clients are an easy alternative to configuring each user's desktop mail client (Thunderbird, Apple Mail, Outlook, etc). However, hosting a webmail instance won't inhibit users' connections should they chose to use their desktop client.</p>
<p>Our rainloop instances can be hosted on your domain or hosted as an app in <a href="/services/hosting/nextcloud">nextcloud</a>. They can be made accessible over the internet or limited to a private <a href="/services/hardware/vpn">VPN</a>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://mail.rainloop.net/"><strong>Rainloop Demo</strong> &gt;</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Rainloop instances come free with <a href="/services/hosting/nextcloud">NextCloud hosting</a>, or can be hosted separately.</p>
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<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Rainloop hosting</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$15/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$150/year</td>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Gitea hosting</h1>
<p><strong>Gitea</strong> is a hosted, open-source git repository. It is like a private GitHub that developers can use in your organization to collaborate on projects.</p>
<p>We host secure Gitea instances on our private server. Our instances are containerized and can be served over <a href="/services/hardware/vpn/">VPN</a> for added security.</p>
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<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Gitea hosting</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$35/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$350/year</td>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>🏢 Hosting</h1>
<p>Affordable hosting that just works. Let us host your existing Wordpress, mailserver, or nextcloud for a fraction of what you're paying now. If you don't have one already, we also <em>build</em> <a href="/services/websites">simple basic websites</a>. All hosting comes with SSL encryption, docker containerization, and domain name service.</p>
<h2>Encryption</h2>
<p><strong>SSL</strong> and <strong>TLS</strong> are the technologies that secure the data transfer between your site and its visitors. This is needed to provide a site over HTTPS instead of HTTP.</p>
<p>Sites that are https-encrypted show a small lock at the top of the browser. Unencrypted sites are sometimes shown as &quot;not secure&quot;.</p>
<p>HTTPS sites are also ranked higher in search results pages than unencrypted ones.</p>
<h2>Containerization</h2>
<p>Your website and its dependencies are hosted in isolated docker containers. This provides additional security and uptime.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Isolation</strong> means that security flaws on another site do not translate to vulnerabilities on yours.</li>
<li><strong>Standardized builds</strong> make less room for compatibility errors</li>
</ul>
<h2>Domain names</h2>
<p>Don't have a domain name? We can set you up with one. Already have one? bring it to our servers and we'll manage it for you at cost.</p>
<h2>Services</h2>
<p>All hosting services come with a 100gb disk quota, but additional space can be made available with the purchase of additional <a href="/services/hardware/nas">NAS</a>.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Hosting transfer</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$150</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="static/"><strong>Static site hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$5/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="wordpress/"><strong>WordPress hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$10/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="email/"><strong>Mailserver hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$10/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="nextcloud/"><strong>Nextcloud hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$75/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="email/"><strong>Rainloop hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$15/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="gitea/"><strong>Gitea hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$35/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="odoo/"><strong>Odoo hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$75/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="discourse/"><strong>Discourse hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$45/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="voip/"><strong>VoIP hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">contact</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>NextCloud hosting</h1>
<p><a href="https://nextcloud.com/"><strong>NextCloud</strong></a> is an <a href="/posts/2021/10/01/what-is-open-source/">open-source</a> groupware application. SLVIT offers containerized nextcloud instance hosting on our private dedicated server.</p>
<p>With nextcloud, your users can log into an online dashboard. The dashboard hosts apps like a calendar, contacts, password manager, mapping tools, and so on. <a href="/services/hosting/email/">Webmail instances</a> can also be hosted as an app in nextcloud.</p>
<p>Nextcloud emulates the functionality found in google for business or Outlook Exchange. It's built with battle-hardened open source php.</p>
<p>Nextcloud instances can be available over the internet or limited to a private <a href="/services/hardware/vpn">VPN</a></p>
<table>
<thead>
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<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:right"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>NextCloud hosting</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$75/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$750/year</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
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<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/nextcloud/">NextCloud</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/gitea/">Gitea</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Odoo</span></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/voip/">VoIP</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/discourse/">Discourse</a></li>
</ul>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Odoo hosting</h1>
<p><strong>Odoo</strong> is open-source business software. SLVIT offers containerized odoo instance hosting on our private dedicated server.</p>
<p>You can use Odoo to handle your website, inventory, ecommerce, ERP, CRM, etc. Odoo is modular and has many apps you can install to fit your needs. There's more information about it on the <a href="https://www.odoo.com/">Odoo website</a>.</p>
<p>Odoo instances can be available over the internet or limited to a private <a href="/services/hardware/vpn">VPN</a></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:right"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Odoo hosting</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$75/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$750/year</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
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<title>Static website hosting</title>
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<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
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<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/">Websites</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/hosting/">Hosting</a></li>
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<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/">Support</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Static</span></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/wordpress/">Wordpress</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/email/">Email</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/nextcloud/">NextCloud</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/gitea/">Gitea</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/odoo/">Odoo</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/voip/">VoIP</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/discourse/">Discourse</a></li>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Static website hosting</h1>
<p>Most sites on the web are dynamically rendered. This means that every time the website is loaded, the server generates the page from its template file and data from a database. This consumes an unnecessary amount of resources, especially at scale.</p>
<p><strong>Static sites</strong>, in contrast are generated only once when the content is modified. In addition to dramatically faster sites with lower server costs, static sites are:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>More secure</strong> because there is no server-side code that can be exploited in cyber attacks</li>
<li><strong>Easier to use</strong> because content can be edited in markdown instead of buggy WYSIWYG.</li>
<li><strong>More customizable</strong> because any HTML/CSS theme can be used, not only the ones locked in your CMS platform.</li>
<li><strong>More resilient</strong> because they can be served over any CDN or IPFS without the need for server-side code execution</li>
</ul>
<h2>Pricing</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:right"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Static site hosting</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$5/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$50/year</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
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<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/static/">Static</a></li>
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<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/email/">Email</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/nextcloud/">NextCloud</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/gitea/">Gitea</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/odoo/">Odoo</a></li>
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<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/discourse/">Discourse</a></li>
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<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>VoIP and Phone Tree Hosting</h1>
<p><strong>VoIP</strong> stands for <strong>Voice over Internet Protocol</strong>. This is commonly used for <strong>phone trees</strong>, call recording, and connecting multiple phones in a network. We can set up all the phones in your school or office and provide extensions and voicemail for each. Auto-dialing is also available, which can be used to remind your customers of upcoming appointments.</p>
<ul>
<li>Phone trees (press one for sales, press two for service...)</li>
<li>Phone networks with extensions</li>
<li>Voicemail</li>
<li>Call recording</li>
<li>Auto-dialing</li>
</ul>
<p>To hear a sample phone tree, give us a ring at <a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a>. All our VoIP services are <a href="/posts/2021/04/26/hosting-locally-for-speed-and-security/">hosted locally</a> for speed and reliability.</p>
<p>Pricing depends on the size and complexity of the needed network. Have a specific phone system need? <a href="/contact/">Contact us</a> to see what we can do for you.</p>
</main>
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<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Wordpress</span></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/email/">Email</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/nextcloud/">NextCloud</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/gitea/">Gitea</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/odoo/">Odoo</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/voip/">VoIP</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/discourse/">Discourse</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Wordpress hosting</h1>
<p>SLVIT can host your wordpress website on our secure servers. Our wordpress instances are containerized and backed up so they're secure and resilient. For added security, administrator access can be limited to your local <a href="/services/hardware/networking/">network</a> or <a href="/services/hardware/vpn/">vpn</a>.</p>
<p><em>If you're looking for faster, simpler hosting, consider a <a href="/services/hosting/static">static site</a>.</em></p>
<h2>Pricing</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:right"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Wordpress hosting</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$10/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$100/year</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/services/hosting/wordpress/
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/services/hosting/wordpress.md
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-->
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Services</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#3d3d83">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#111111">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="topbar">
<aside>
<a href="https://speedtest.slvit.us/">Speedtest</a> | <a href="https://searx.slvit.us/">Web search</a>
</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Services</span></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/">Websites</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/">Hosting</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/">Hardware</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/">Support</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main><h1>🛎️ Services</h1>
<p><strong>San Luis Valley IT</strong> provides all kinds of IT services, including websites and mailservers. Everything we offer is:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Fast</strong>, lightweight, and unbloated. Just what you need and nothing more.</li>
<li><strong>Secure</strong> built-in from the ground up. Systems are isolated in containers and access-controlled through our own VPN.</li>
<li><strong>Backed up</strong> so when things go wrong, we can make them right again.</li>
</ul>
<p>Don't see what you need? <a href="/contact">Contact us</a> and let's talk about it.</p>
<h2>📃 <a href="websites/">Websites</a></h2>
<p>If you don't have a website, we can make one for you. Our high-quality websites are simple and fast. They're mobile- and SEO-ready. They're affordable and extendable.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:right"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="websites/static/"><strong>Static sites</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$50/page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="websites/themes/"><strong>Theming</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:right">+$350</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="websites/seo/"><strong>SEO-optimized posts</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$50</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>🏢 <a href="hosting/">Hosting</a></h2>
<p>Already have a website? Save money and hassle by hosting with us. Our secure hosting comes with DNS management and SSL built in. We also offer groupware, emails, forums, git repos, and more on your domain or <a href="hardware/vpn/">vpn</a>.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Hosting transfer</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$150</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hosting/static/"><strong>Static site hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$5/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hosting/wordpress/"><strong>WordPress hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$10/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hosting/email/"><strong>Mailserver hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$10/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hosting/nextcloud/"><strong>Nextcloud hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$75/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hosting/email/"><strong>Rainloop hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$15/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hosting/gitea/"><strong>Gitea hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$35/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hosting/odoo/"><strong>Odoo hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$75/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hosting/discourse/"><strong>Discourse hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$45/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hosting/voip/"><strong>VoIP hosting</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">contact</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>📠 <a href="hardware/">Hardware, networking</a></h2>
<p>Secure network configurations, in-house VPNs, data storage and recovery services.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hardware/storage/"><strong>Cloud storage</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$10/100gb/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hardware/networking/"><strong>Network configuration</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$contact/host</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hardware/vpn/"><strong>Virtual Private Network (VPN)</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$contact/host/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hardware/backups/"><strong>Backups</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$20/100gb/month</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hardware/data/#data-entry-and-parsing"><strong>Data entry/parsing</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">contact</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="hardware/data/#data-recovery"><strong>Data recovery</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">contact</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>🧑‍🏫 <a href="support/">Support, lessons</a></h2>
<p>Having trouble with your printer? Not sure what that error message means? Just need someone to talk to? Call us at 719-936-7778.</p>
<p>We also offer tutoring and lessons for all ages with flexible scheduling.</p>
<p>You can use this pricing table to work up a quote for yourself. <strong>For example</strong>, for a half-hour repair at a client which is 40 miles away, we would charge $40 for the round-trip drive, plus $12.50 for the fix.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="support/help-desk/"><strong>Help desk</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$20/hour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="support/repairs/"><strong>Repairs</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$25/hour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="support/lessons/"><strong>Tutoring/lessons</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$30/hour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="support/restoration/"><strong>Restorations</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">contact</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Driving</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$0.50/mile</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr>
<p>Not finding what you need? <a href="/contact">Contact us</a> to discuss custom software and deployments.</p>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/services/
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/services.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
-->
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Help desk</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#3d3d83">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#111111">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="topbar">
<aside>
<a href="https://speedtest.slvit.us/">Speedtest</a> | <a href="https://searx.slvit.us/">Web search</a>
</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/">Websites</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/">Hosting</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/">Hardware</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/support/">Support</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Help desk</span></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/repairs/">Repairs</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/lessons/">Lessons</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/restoration/">Restorations</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Help desk</h1>
<p>Support for any computer and device. We can help you decipher that error message or diagnose your long loading times.</p>
<ul>
<li>Printers, scanners</li>
<li>Network diagnostics</li>
<li>Software updates</li>
<li>Operating system [re-]installations</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:right"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Help desk</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$20/hour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Driving</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right">$0.50/mile</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/services/support/help-desk/
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/services/support/help-desk.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
-->
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Computer repairs and lessons</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#3d3d83">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#111111">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="topbar">
<aside>
<a href="https://speedtest.slvit.us/">Speedtest</a> | <a href="https://searx.slvit.us/">Web search</a>
</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/">Websites</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/">Hosting</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/">Hardware</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Support</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/help-desk/">Help desk</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/repairs/">Repairs</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/lessons/">Lessons</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/restoration/">Restorations</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>🧑‍🏫 Computer repairs and lessons</h1>
<p>When your computer gives you trouble, <a href="/contact">give us a call</a>! SLVIT performs all kinds of repair, maintenance, and servicing on desktops, laptops, servers, SBCs, phones, network devices, and &quot;smart&quot; appliances. We also restore and repair antique electronics and computers.</p>
<p>We also offer at-home tutoring and lessons for all ages with flexible scheduling. Learn to use your computer in a friendly and patient environment. All levels of experience are welcome, from complete beginners to power users and programmers.</p>
<p>For support calls, we charge hourly and for distance traveled. You can use this pricing table to work up a quote for yourself. <strong>For example</strong>, for a half-hour repair at a client 40 miles away, we would charge $40 for the round-trip drive, plus $12.50 for the fix.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="help-desk/"><strong>Help desk</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$20/hour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="repairs/"><strong>Repairs</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$25/hour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="lessons/"><strong>Tutoring/lessons</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$30/hour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="restoration/"><strong>Computer restoration</strong></a></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$contact</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Driving</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$0.50/mile</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/services/support/
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/services/support/index.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
-->
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Computer Lessons</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#3d3d83">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#111111">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="topbar">
<aside>
<a href="https://speedtest.slvit.us/">Speedtest</a> | <a href="https://searx.slvit.us/">Web search</a>
</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/">Websites</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/">Hosting</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/">Hardware</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/support/">Support</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/help-desk/">Help desk</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/repairs/">Repairs</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Lessons</span></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/restoration/">Restorations</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Computer Lessons</h1>
<p>At-home tutoring and lessons for all ages and skill levels. Flexible scheduling. Patient tutors. Learn at your own pace.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Computer lessons</strong></td>
<td>$30/hour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Driving</strong></td>
<td>$0.50/mile</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/services/support/lessons/
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/services/support/lessons.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Computer repair</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
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<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
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<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/">Websites</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/">Hosting</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/">Hardware</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/support/">Support</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/help-desk/">Help desk</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Repairs</span></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/lessons/">Lessons</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/restoration/">Restorations</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Computer repair</h1>
<p>Old computer won't turn on? Black, blue, or red screen of death? Smoke coming out of your power supply? Spilled soda in your HDMI port?</p>
<p>We can take care of it.</p>
<ul>
<li>Diagnostics</li>
<li>Malware removal</li>
<li>OS installations</li>
<li>Data recovery</li>
<li>Hard drive replacements</li>
<li>RAM upgrades</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Computer repairs</strong></td>
<td><a href="/contact">contact</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Driving</strong></td>
<td>$0.50/mile</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/services/support/repairs/
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/services/support/repairs.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
-->
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Antique computer restorations</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
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</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/">Websites</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/">Hosting</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/">Hardware</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/support/">Support</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/help-desk/">Help desk</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/repairs/">Repairs</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/lessons/">Lessons</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Restorations</span></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Antique computer restorations</h1>
<p>Restore vintage computers and other devices. We can bring your antique electronics like new.</p>
<ul>
<li>Computers</li>
<li>Laptops</li>
<li>Keyboards/mice</li>
<li>Modems</li>
<li>Disk drives</li>
<li>Telephones</li>
<li>Printers</li>
<li>Fax machines</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:right"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Computer restorations</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:right"><a href="/contact">contact</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/services/support/restoration/
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/services/support/restoration.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Websites</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
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<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
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<div id="topbar">
<aside>
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</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Websites</span></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/">Hosting</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/">Hardware</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/">Support</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/static/">Static</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/themes/">Themes</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/seo/">SEO</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>📃 Websites</h1>
<p>Our no-frills <a href="static/"><strong>static websites</strong></a> convey the information your audience is looking for, without the bloat. These simple designs are speedy and readable on any screen.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Static website</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$50/page</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="static/"><strong>Learn more about our static websites</strong> &gt;</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h2><a href="themes/">Theming</a></h2>
<p><strong>Theming</strong> isn't everything, but it does look nice. We offer pre-built or custom themes as an extra. (This site's theme was designed in-house.)</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Custom theme</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$350</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>Theme import</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$150</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>SEO</h2>
<p>More content on a website boosts its search result rankings and drives more traffic. We offer regular site updates, both to inform your audience and to help them find you.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
<th style="text-align:left"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>SEO-optimized post</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>12 posts</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">$500</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="/tags/seo/"><strong>Read posts about SEO</strong> &gt;</a></p>
</blockquote>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/services/websites/
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/services/websites/index.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
-->
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>SEO</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#3d3d83">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#111111">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="topbar">
<aside>
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</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/websites/">Websites</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/">Hosting</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/">Hardware</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/">Support</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/static/">Static</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/themes/">Themes</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>SEO</span></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>SEO</h1>
<p>San Luis Valley IT provides the best digital marketing in the valley. Our strategies are aligned with Google's goal to provide the best search results for their users. We don't rely on sketchy techniques that eventually get discovered and punished by Google. For more on this, read about <a href="/posts/2021/04/09/how-search-engines-rank-results/">how search engines rank results</a>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="/tags/seo/"><strong>Posts about SEO</strong> &gt;</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h2>Site design</h2>
<p>Google ranks faster sites higher, but they don't care if you have lots of flashy images and plugins. That's why all our <a href="/services/websites">websites</a> are simple and fast.</p>
<p>We can also tweak your existing website to make it load faster. We can also add a favicon, encryption, and mobile design, if you don't have it already. Depending on the site's complexity and what's already been done, we price these modifications on a case-by-case basis.</p>
<p>Once your site is properly peaked and tuned, the best investment you can make to increase your rankings is to add good content.</p>
<h2>Content writing</h2>
<p>A lot of web development is writing. We can add quality text to your site and blog. Our writing is not outsourced overseas or <a href="/posts/2021/05/18/ai-content-writing/">to AI bots</a>: we specialize the content to your product. Our content follows our philosophy of doing what's necessary and nothing more: no wordy passages, just information for your clients.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>A page of quality, SEO-optimized content</strong>: $50/ea</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Google ranks sites higher if they continue to provide quality content over time. That's why we offer content writing as a service:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>A page of quality content every month</strong>: $500/yr</p>
</blockquote>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/services/websites/seo/
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/services/websites/seo.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
-->
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Static websites</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#3d3d83">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111111">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#111111">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="topbar">
<aside>
<a href="https://speedtest.slvit.us/">Speedtest</a> | <a href="https://searx.slvit.us/">Web search</a>
</aside>
<aside>
<a href="/shop/cart/" style="text-decoration:none">🛒 <span style="text-decoration:underline">Cart<span class="cart-count"></span><span></a>
</aside>
<script src="/assets/scripts/cart-count.js" async></script>
</div>
<div class="home"><a href="/">San Luis Valley IT</a></div>
<p class="subtext"><a href="/">Websites and IT for Southern Colorado</a></p>
</header>
<nav>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/shop/">Shop</a></li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/">Services</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><a href="/services/websites/">Websites</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hosting/">Hosting</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/hardware/">Hardware</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/support/">Support</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item nav-item-active"><span>Static</span></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/themes/">Themes</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/services/websites/seo/">SEO</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main class="tmpl-post"><h1>Static websites</h1>
<p><strong>Static websites</strong> are simple and easy to maintain. They're also:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Responsive!</strong> More people use the internet on their phone than on a computer. Mobile-friendly sites are visible to your audience on all their devices <em>and</em> rank higher in search results.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>Fast!</strong> Static sites are pre-built so they load lightning-fast, even on poor connections. These simple pages require minimal dependencies, so your content displays immediately without waiting for external resources.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>Secure!</strong> With static sites, only raw html files are served to the client. This makes attacks on the server-side rendering system impossible because there <em>is</em> no server-side rendering system.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>Modular!</strong> Static sites are readily compatible with external APIs and SDKs like CRM or payment processors. No more buggy plugins.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>SLVIT</strong> specializes in static web design in the San Luis Valley. We build simple static sites for $50 per page. <a href="/contact/">Contact us</a> to see how easy it is to get a top quality website.</p>
</main>
<footer><p>
<a href="tel:+17199367778">719-936-7778</a> | <a href="mailto:contact@slvit.us">contact@slvit.us</a>
<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
<!-- URL: https://www.slvit.us/services/websites/static/
Source: https://gitea.slvit.us/slvit/www/src/branch/master/_src/services/websites/static.md
Modified: Sat Mar 04 2023 19:05:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
-->
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Theming</title>
<meta name="description" content="San Luis Valley IT is a web development, digital marketing, and IT company. As a MANAGED service provider (MSP), SLVIT offers websites, hosting, email, and more.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/base.css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon-16x16.png">
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<p>Having a professional theme is important in legitimizing a website. However, many web designers focus more on theming than content, producing flashy pages with no information. A high-quality theme should look legit without detracting from the site's speed and usability.</p>
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>2016 Dell Optiplex 9020 (Linux Manjaro Gnome) Desktop</title>
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<p><a href="/shop/"><b>&lt; Back to all products</b></a><p>
<h1>🖥️ 2016 Dell Optiplex 9020 (Linux Manjaro Gnome) Desktop</h1>
<p></p>
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<a href="/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/linux-manjaro-gnome.png"><img src="/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/linux-manjaro-gnome.png" alt="2016 Dell Optiplex 9020 (Linux Manjaro Gnome) Desktop"/></a>
<p><b>$<span data-bind>465</b></p>
<button class="add-to-cart" id="add-to-cart__d8578682" onclick="addToCart('','d8578682','465','🖥️ 2016 Dell Optiplex 9020 (Linux Manjaro Gnome) Desktop','19', '1745.625','/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/d8578682/')"><b>🛒 Add to cart</b></button>
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<input class="qty" id="qty-select__d8578682" type="number" name="qty-select_/d8578682" onchange="qtyChanged('','d8578682',465,'🖥️ 2016 Dell Optiplex 9020 (Linux Manjaro Gnome) Desktop','19', '1745.625','/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/d8578682/')" min="0" max="99"/>
<button id="qty-plus__d8578682" class="qty-adjust" onclick="qtyPlus('','d8578682')">+</button>
</div><span style="margin-left:1rem">in cart</span>
</div>
<script>productLoaded('','d8578682')</script>
<hr>
<p><b>Shipping:</b> Get it in 10-30 days.
<p><b>Refund policy:</b> Return within 60 days for a refund (shipping not refunded).</p>
<hr>
<h2>Specs</h2>
<p><strong>Year:</strong> 2016<br>
<strong>Make:</strong> Dell<br>
<strong>Model:</strong> Optiplex 9020<br>
<strong>OS:</strong> Linux Manjaro 22.0 Gnome<br>
<strong>BIOS:</strong> A25<br>
<strong>CPU:</strong> Intel i7-4790 3.6GHz (8-thread)<br>
<strong>GPU:</strong> AMD Radeon HD8670<br>
<strong>RAM:</strong> 32GB DDR3<br>
<strong>Storage:</strong> 1TB HDD, 256GB SSD<br>
<strong>Display:</strong> (DP, DVI) 2xDP, VGA<br>
<strong>Wifi:</strong> None<br>
<strong>Bluetooth:</strong> None<br>
<strong>Packaged weight:</strong> 19 lbs.<br>
<strong>Packaged size:</strong> 14.25 inches x 7 inches x 17.5 inches</p>
</aside>
<section id="product_content">
<h2>Photos</h2>
<p>These are photos of the actual unit for sale</p>
<h3>Back</h3>
<p>Showing ports, left to right:</p>
<ul>
<li>Standard NEMA power inlet</li>
<li>Analog mouse and keyboard</li>
<li>Ethernet</li>
<li>2x USB-A</li>
<li>2x DisplayPort</li>
<li>4x USB-A</li>
<li>Serial I/O</li>
<li>VGA display</li>
<li>3.5mm speaker</li>
<li>3.5mm microphone</li>
<li>GPU with 1x DisplayPort and 1x DVI</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/d8578682/back.png" alt="Back of this Dell Optiplex 9020"></p>
<h3>Front</h3>
<p>Showing, top-left to bottom-right:</p>
<ul>
<li>Power button</li>
<li>CD drive ((CD-RW)</li>
<li>3.5mm microphone port</li>
<li>3.5mm headphone port</li>
<li>4x USB-A ports</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/d8578682/front.png" alt="Front of this Dell Optiplex 9020"></p>
<h3>Inside</h3>
<p>Showing, clockwise from top left:</p>
<ul>
<li>Power supply</li>
<li>CD-RW/DVD-RW drive</li>
<li>2x hard drives (1TB HDD, 256GB SSD)</li>
<li>Motherboard
<ul>
<li>CPU (Intel i7-4790 3.6GHz (8-thread))</li>
<li>GPU (AMD Radeon HD8670)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/d8578682/inside.png" alt="Inside of this Dell Optiplex 9020"></p>
<h3>Bottom</h3>
<p>(One missing footpad)</p>
<p><img src="/shop/computers/desktops/dell_optiplex-9020/d8578682/bottom.png" alt="Bottom of this Dell Optiplex 9020"></p>
<h2>History</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>2022-07:</strong> Diagnostics (pass)</li>
<li><strong>2023-02-02:</strong> Installed OS (Linux Manjaro 22 Gnome)</li>
</ul>
</section>
</div>
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<br><br>© 2021-2023 <b>San Luis Valley IT Co.</b>
<br><time datetime="2023-03-02">Page modified: 02 Mar 2023</time>
</p></footer>
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